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ˮǴߣˡ
ҡǸϱϸʵĴΦӣ֨֨Ƶţʱᵹ
ҲԲֻϧųþͱƸˣ˻ӿһһؾĴڰϡʯͷϡϣÿһζǡ
˷Ըһ󴬾ĵêˡ
ŰããʱȺġô̡
  
ͷϽһԵس̣ʱ̴ӿЬϣɢСӡѶӡߡͦߵĸӣͷŲŨüë죬ڵģȥɴģһò
һͷϣСơë塱ҩһѰѵ֦ͷĵӲֻһεشһüë٣ţ
ҩͼҩɣ𻹷ǵҪôЩǵɣ֦ջôɣ֦յĻð̶
٣Ͳ֪ˣ
Ͻ΢΢Цһ˿˿Ị̇СҲƵ
᪻˵ɣģɣ֦𣬰˳ɶȥɡֻݣһ죺ޣ׼Ĳΰɣ
ĲΣëһɻ󣺡ô˵ǵ˷βġ
Ϲ˵ͷϽ⻰Ҫ˼ɲӦ㣬Ҫ£
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һ˵ֱһľͷҩڴţŨصҩƮɢһССҩӣѹҩ֭˳ССİҩŨ̵ɫ
ëñţüëʲôζѽģ˵۾ֱעǰǸ˵ˣ
ͷϽһæվҲˣŶӵĽҲ쳤˲ӡ
ڲǰյͰ״Ĺ£һݳӰ˽ǰ
ͷϽŵǰЦࡣⲻʷүʲôԸ
˱һͷʮصͷʲôطˣ
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ߣ˲ͷţһ˫ƽüëʱֺϣֻС۾ƵƵգţ
ʱŸһҪȥһ㶫
ǡϽʮְͽӣʷү͹󱦾졭
˵ʷһӻ˵ЩʲôС죡
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߲ʸ׵İһɶ̨־ȥһݡ
ʷĺһӣÿ
ߵֻûü̧ѱλʷүĽŲ˸ʵӲ󣬾ͷǲСûôʩʹü죬ࡡ
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ͷϽ鲻ԽһǽŶԷֵ΢Це﷢ë
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ϽһӸɴϵĻϱܱȴһʱԷֵͳȴдԵԶԷ˹֮ڣǼ̵ļ֣ȴвɵǿȸС
˵ɫãԷǰƿٽһ󽭷Ϯڲյ˽˫롱ֽƣֱתİϵֽƪ㶼жƣһ䣬зɳʯ̬֮
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һ䣬ϲ˫۾ٴעϽʱ߶ʱһ޿״ĳסԼдһʡ
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ˣˮˮ벻ˮڷԵЦׯݣ̹飬ҪǸˣһҲԡ
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ܵǰյĿˡλʷүϽӽߣԼë嶼߶ûµʱֻڶŷ㶡
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УϽԿǰģλʷүʷүϵĳݣѲһеصδףˣȻһ㡣
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һľ˴УֹסĳƣҴȻʧȥ£ټϳص䷫֮һʱҡڶţľˣþòƽϢ
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·Ŵˡ
һƷǡʷ̾һָǹְ߳ġ
ص֪񽭺ϣҲֻСԡһɵġüˡֹ򣬵Դӵ걻׻šԺ󣬺ѾûϢ
Īһ˼ɽˣ
ʷﲻʤ죬Ҳ⣬һǧ𣬾Ȼȫ˹һþȴֶԽָƣʵǷ˼ţһ˫ӱ㲻ֳɻ
΢΢һЦʷ֪Щº͵ʰɣ
ʷܱȭְң
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˵ȴշһĿԣ·̾ˡ
ʾʷܵЩˣ
ʷԿַҴҰʬϵԼڣϴ֮ôһСüĿ㡢Ӻݻĸ˻⸾ȻʵʮͷҲӸƽڵȥʮ˾ţʮˡһˮɫٽ᳤ȹϵУϵղʤ۳;ۣ֮ټĶӣݵȾص㲡
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ǰ˻Ҳ˵Ӱ˼ѳʬģ򲻻лδЩ㬡
ԭסԷһڣ֪зһԼʵ䣬ȴ벻һʱ鼱Ȼ˶ԷδЩɥ 







 

  
 

ſʷܼ롣
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ӻͷһۣһϲصǳүʲôʱģôкһ
աϺЦһڼʡĿ˹ͣĻƼң
һ˵˫°һӵֳϡ֮ɫ
ӸæȥкţһЦү˵ЦλĿˣסڶͷϵġϸ֡ջ٣͸Ͼƣࡣ˵ˣˣò˶ûˣպиСƴ̰ɡ
ճһЦѽֻһƵûţѣŪþɡ
ӴӦһƵֳɣҲֳɣܿؾˣȻͬһ㣬רΪճ׼õġ
䷽ճһĵ;ԷǸо֮
˫ٴν֮£ճĵͦòǷӣá΢΢һͷӦá
ӺٺЦ߹ʶλүϮ佫ϾүĹӣ˳ƳСүĸھͷΣǸţ
΢΢һ佫ϵõģһԼĳͣĶӣǰˣȴǵһμ 







 

  
 

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СүٱϵԶѰף⣬ҪౣأҾһ
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˱ӣСү̫۾עƱվóһСӷϣλλѵˣҸˡ
һүߣ滹ѽ
Ҫòصһͷ
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̾Ϣһν²ģҡԭһǻǵˣȻһɲ漰ĸͷҲȻ˷硣
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Ϊǻĸ׺͵ܵΪǰ˽
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üǡϸǮô
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Цһּ˵ȥҲ׵̫ԣҲǻ֮֮һ꽭ĺڵ֯ţһע׸ˣȴʹһԶΪǿŰ֯Ǹֵϵˣ
գһ۾ȻšԻΪû˵֡
˽Ի󡣡ûšְɣ
ͷ
յڽ֣ȷʵ֪߲࣬ڵʱ֮ǰ𡮽šֻۺڰˣ鲻Խشһս
ʵϣսȥšҲڡְǰ
һȦӣһЩüĿ 







 

  
 

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ԭźصЩĴ𢣬ĲȺ޷ز̫࣬Ƕôãƫƫǡ
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ɲǼֳɱ˵ò²Ծѿǰ㲻ҪʶҲְľôҵԴӦ㣬ֻǵֻҲ⣬㲻ô
˽ҧһ૵ҲڣֻҪʤҡ
һͷ˵һټĺúӣҪ׵ضǻһ¡
˵ˣȴΪ˻ĪһЦϣϻ˵аɣŹλһסڡַб޵֡
һ֪ĹȻ٣ߺߣĪ׹ô
ص󡣡
ͷãҾͳȫ㣬Ҳúÿֻۣҿȷĸ㣬סڡзΪսʦڴĮбʱʦͨ΢󣬶ʽ֮Уɱţÿһжߺߣ
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˱쳣أҲΪзˣŲΪԷ˵˿Ŀ֮ʡʵ֮ô˵ҲΪ϶˶Է޻ŵ˽򲻻һİǰ
ĸɣ͵ؿŶԷԲΪ֪ĺʩչɡ
ãҳȫǡ
ڣӰţѧƵһ˫ùԲԲ
Ӵ˸磬ֻ˫ָ߾٣ͷ̹ʯȻһ磬зɳʯ֮ʩչһ֡ıŲʱһǵѪҲƵĺ졣
⡰ڡз˵ĮĿĮԶ֮¥Ǭ֮ʽУѪӿⴴʼʱɽţһʽ֣ȫϵֻ룬ֻصɱţʮϴ֮տڹʩչ
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һӰ֡ڡַÿһÿһʽڶʾǸ֣ȷǲƹĪ
˫۾Ȼ˺ܶ࣬ŶԷĹƣ˷
˫ǽˣȴַֿˡ
ŴƬӣѿٵ˵ʯҵһͷȴȻͣڷǰһݡϡ
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ֻǵһʽ˺Եúܼӣ֪зһǾУаУһչưɡ
ʯϣ۾˲Ҳ˲ضŶԷ£ɭ㵽˭
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ֳɵϵԶ˫֮ڣƵڹĽϣص֮£ʯ㱻һмģ佦ǡ
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ֵһͷ漴۾ĬĬʩƣֶֻʱԵؿǴ󣬿ɼ书
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˵ʱĬĬ˹ϸһܣȻЩѨ裬ЩѨͨȻԷ˵ȫϵʵ飬ʱɵվһģ
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˵ֺαؼһʱһ֪ģ
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Ϯɽĵ衣ʯһǰڣǰǹ޾ƺһŲɣ߿ɲ죬£ƺΣϴȴɣաһϤӰ»ζ
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ǺգƺԷѷټ£ȴղ
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˵ģһףΪʲôǸôãΪɱҲΪȴˣ
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̾һҼ֮ԭûжֻ룬֮ŷ˻ʧһѪԵˣʱı˶̬ȡ
䡰ߡһĸ׵ܵܵĳ𣡡
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վߣʲôֶΣҽǵľǣ
㲻ҪˣҲѡĶ㡣֮⣬ȻָСүˡ
һʱԶԣ޷޵±ߣtǰƺһתô֣˼Ҫôأ

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ǹ䵱ȻߣҪǿϰܷ䡣﷢һЦͬת˺Ҳ࣬ǺյӾһĿݣת˹
ȴǹģֵľϣھ˻ֻ֮һתЮ˵ľ޴ֱץ֪˵ãһ֣Ҳ;飬ʮָֻۼɴǽʯĿļڹƺһġ
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Ůǰӣ˻ֻ֣ҧĿȫ±ɢǹӶͬѰܼһ˰ľǹأԽϡ
ŮһԵɶԷϽӹ˻ǹ´ŵ벻Ȼôˡδ䣬һɳɳ΢Ų
ŮæסǽŲƺǰ˼֮Ȼͣסǰ
ŮԿһۣ֪Σ˴˴һƣ˫˫෽ڰ
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׵ϿһۣΪм΢Цһ£仰˵ҲǲԣҪҵ껹̫ᣬᵽһУһ˵һΪڤڤ֮עʲôЩʲô飬쾭Խãɽвͨ飬ҲͲȥǿԼˡ
Ļе뵽˺գֻЩĸоòȻźͰ΢ЦȴЩҡһ£΢Цô˵Ĵ˵˵ΪǼٵˣ
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һֻһζԽ˵ĵƥָҪ׵һʤ׵ȴһֱػر̣˵ӡ˹һȻʵȴˡ
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طǼʸӷһ£ͿＴһ˿Ծһϸն˵ԲϾͿ
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䳤ʱͿʯ춯䴦ٶֱȡһǰġ
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׵Ͽһۣ̾һҺȻоȥΪ˵ʧܣӽԺҽҪκսҲڲزأ˵ǲǣ
ͷšһȴ仰ĺ塣
׵˫βӣתһתиôű΢Сһ㣬ղҵϽ㣬ˣʹҺȻ뵽
˵㻹иã
׵ϵڵϻֽСϣΪǽڵϻ
㻹н㣿
ҽҴ꣬ٵϣѾˣ

ΪѲġЦһ£ֽȥҰѻ˵̫ԶˣðɣѾˣӽԺҾǽ㣬á
һЦͽˣǻûлͷأ
ŪЩʲôãֻҪף֪͹ˡһ˵̽ЩժһöӣɫףȴһȦѪһȦߵ㣬Ǵףǳ죬Ө͸һۿȥ֪Ѱ֮
׵ϰֻȡ֮󣬷ǰ˼ۣץ֣ȥ
⡭ʲô
ǽüһɣ
⡭̫һɣ
󣿡׵ЦһȻ˼룬Ҫ̸ǧĹ֮һѰŮͬͬҪ˵ݽˣ
һ죬뵽Լ˵˻ֻһʱĿȴֲףֻεصҲ˼ϽǧҪᣡ
׵΢΢һЦ㵱Ȼ˼ҲͲҸˡ˵ֻʵȷʵģôĸ޵ĶõУңԾ͸ˡ
ֲص͸Ӧøˣ
׵Ц°ɣѾˣѵҪٸ˵ҾҸÿΪƤҰס
ͷðɣҲҪһһ˵⿪죬ǰժһ񫘣ȥ̹ӨӨѼôСȴһС״
׵һüҿ˰ɣ
Ϊʲô̫ˣ
׵Ͽһ۵Ҳİɣ
ͷһЦǸһ˵ܱаһܺÿһ˵Ͱ䫘Ϊ׵ϴϡ
׵ϵͷһۣЦðɣ˭ҲԿȥһֻһ
ôһ˵һӾ࣬˴˽һ̸һЩ˴˼Ｐʦŵ顣ʱ͵͵ˡ
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׵ϵҪģЩѾˣ
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׵ϵע⵽˸ղ;һ֮⣬һֱûٳֹ
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ˣ˵ûᡣ
ʹʣ׵ǾͰѷ϶֣ȡʤԡԾ˲µľ˵һš
侪ϲصԭֲһֱûôһһֱš
׵ϵҲжصˣͯˣôһƲˣж֮ڲ鷳ˡ
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ʱϢů̫֮£̾þˬϵҲôˡ
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䱻һʵסˣһҧһһݣҴ㵽Ϻֵȥ
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⡭һ£׵ϲصһ棬ҲҰﲻʲôæһȴǾḻ϶Ԯ֣һ֣
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׵ҲǴ£ֻǵͷ˼޻˶Եء֮׵ϺȻվ߰ɣĬĬԵصͷ
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׵ϸ˼۵طСƼұǰһΣǿϢһ£ҲӦȿһ
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׵һüҲ˵ЩҪڼԺŻᷢ㻹Сһĺã˵ԼҲҪúõϢһ¡
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ȽӴǰһҽСƼϷĶǰôСŮӣţϽΣãס
Ȼǰ߹ĶˣʱɵסˣҲˡ
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ձͷ漴չЦ˵ԭô£ȽһعͷǸӵСŮȥ˵ʢ붹λˣЪЪ˵ɣ
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Ժһ಼ѵ긾ˣִɴ룬ʢ붹ڶǰ
ձ¶ڵٺЦ˼λȺ붹ɣǲҪǮġ
京Цл˵ǻǮģ˼ңԵģ
ЦСطûʲôóԵģλҪЩʲôҿɣ
׵ϵͷðɣɣ
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Ůվ֮ͷȺ˻ûɢСϱ֨֨ƵƵŶָ㲻ѡ
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ѽ׵̾һʱҸոճʢΪȷʵв֮ºһҲǺڣʲôǿһһķõأȻڵʱȴû뵽ЩֻĹأ
΢΢һЦôһ˵ҲҶȤҵȥһ
׵ϵȻԣֻʲôأȻһˣǿȥˣھܾɣ
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䡢׵ѰԼʰ޵ʮ䣬˰֡
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ϱһ£漴һƬЦݣ˫ֺʮͲˣкü겻ˣ˼Ҳˡ
׵һЦ֪˵ҲǾʶʦתʹ벻ԾΣ˵ʱȡ˶Ů׫õһ϶дš䡱׵ϡ
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׵΢΢Цʲộ뿪һŻ
תӴһ˫۾Ͻ㣬ʮֿɬصҳ룬Ŀֵ
Լ
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СɨɨŵϵҶŮͣעţϣ⣬ȴʾһЩɬ
߳ѵӣһԺ䣬ֻزкɣռԺӣȴڱ֮ϣһԲᡣ
һϸüݵŮᣬվǰ̲˵Ǹ˳ơϼˡʮ֮䣬ǰǳǳ֮⣬Ӻܸߣİ࣬ϵһӻɫ˿Уֻݵָ֣ϸǽڴ͹Եáĸо
ʧӭʧӭλò衣һ˵·ѶŮӭ˲ᡣ
ϱϲһ֣ǰ߹ʮһݣ漴¡
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京ЦǰˣϽͻȻãޣ벻Ҫźá
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׵صˣȻⲻµĸţȵ֮⣬κ´£Կɳţøͷ徲
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׵ϵͷЦҵм겻˼ˣһܺá
ϼһ˫ϸĿתʩϵƣƤ֮ˣҲǲᣬƶҩ࣬ҲЧ²˳٣ҵ淿ȥɣ
һλļкøУԷⷬ⣬Ȼֻа죬¿׵һۣͷȽȥˣ漴Ůת
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ŮදְæΪ⿪¡ȻͬŮģܲϰߣֻգǵǵһμ棬Ȼ׵ϴ֪һţǰδʶҲܶš
ˡ佫ϸӵĳһѵʵڲˣǰüĿŮãǳ٣Ҳܶʧ֮⡣
ŮֽµĵȴұۣԱڱҪ֮ʱȻ֣ԷʩԹ
ⷬСģȻǶˡ
Ůȷʵģֻһ˫ĵĴӼ֪ﲻﲻˣ˵ʱϴ΢΢ЦݣҲûкô
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ʱŮѽ⿪ϵ˴Ĳüͷ΢΢һ£صʲô˶µ֣
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վǰ˵Էжҩ
Ů΢΢׵ϸҲ֪˴о綾ȴһ֪
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ŮɶϿֶѵһġƷ졯
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˵ʱѶְѼöн˴סͬʱָƵһѨʱֻðһ飬á
һſ˵ζԷеѨ֮һǣзѨʱãʱŮĴ⣬ֻھ֮伴ءޱȵľ壬ǰŮᣬҪʩչ
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Ȼǰڴϣʱ˼ΪʩŮ·ҩԼһԭΪֹٴʩȴûϵ¸֮󣬾ȻڴؾԼһȴǵʼϷǼ΢΢ͷôһᣬҵˣǰȷǷ綾Ľҩ벻¸£ҩȻЧ
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˾мң˴к˾ס˺
Ůóһ߾ɵĴȰȡشһŻ棬ŻһеɫӴ̼ȼһűɫ档Žɢеĵɫű̻һֱͣȼţֱ𾡡
Ůϵӣ˲Żָ˺
侪ŵĶѽ߼һ֪أ
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лʩ֣治룬ʵҾˣһݣ˵ʱŮ£ȴΪ˫ס
ͲҵˣﲻҪ˵
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׵ʮصֻһ书˵ãڿ㻹ҽܼģ
ŮĿһת̫ˣǰƶٳٲӦ֮бԣƶ֪֮θѧ¼أƶ򲻼
׵һЦδԣô֪أ⣬ҵԸʱ̡
Ůһ˫ֺʮӷ𣬹ʩʼҷǰֳˡһߣӵⷬƶ˵ʵǰ׷Ļ˵ǹسƽƣʹƶĳţҲֻѼǿö֮ˣ
һô˵ĪǽѲ̸ˣ
ǵҲǡ˵ʱ׵ϱ˴˾㶼ŮỺָָ֣ϵ
ƶõǿڡءǰڱʱȷʵûһΣ
׵ϵΪʲô
Ůһ˫ϸ۾΢΢£ΣȻ̾ϢǶλ׵ˣӦ֪˵һǺܶݵģƶۣҵǰҾ뽭֣Ѿ˷Ҵ౦ʱ䣬֮ģȴȻѧ֮֡һ̾۾ת׵ϵΪʲôǧꡢݣӽʦĿľһ̽µѧ֮ء
׵ϵôûд
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׵̾Ϣһԣˡ
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ڶԷСͷէһĵѾ⵽ԷļѰ֮
ʱúôԷһֻһзһͷӣֱǣ˫һģȻһУ߽ˣģǺȴܾʹ϶
һȻէȻȥȻӣϸϸ۲죬ȴò³Ƥ㶼ϸ׸ɾ˫ʮָָףֻһͲ߽Ĵˡڶͷ˫۾ﺬݼһ˫̫ѨǽϳҪ͹࣬һڹ൱ӡ㣬ȻУ޿ɾ֮ȴӹһ˫ӡ
ڣǸһһʿҲȤʱһۣϱ粻Ҳ֪Щʲô
ջһǾƣƾȷжϡ˵ļ⣬̲²⵽طʲôҪˡƽϲ˼£ȱУΧߵʵǹˣһЩʵҲãһ䣬ʵѿϵݱ䵽ɳⲻΪˣһЩ漼ĽܳѹΪƽ䣬򲻵ѣ䡣
ȷǣ¿꣬ΪżȻм棬ȻڵٴηǣӵˣͲΪһ׮żȻ¼ˡ
óһСӣԸСˣȴû뵽һ䣬ֱһʵ¶
ꤳ˴Ƭǰڰɣǰͣס
ʽǸԲ׳Сӣһס֣ſһ˫Ů
˫ŮէȻ֣ʹԭҪվĺգȻֹס˴Ҫվӣ϶ʱԳһɡ߶ϵõġʶأ漴ǰʯƣס˰Ӱ
ʿһ׶г˱ڷ룬Լаҳ̣ӣͷϵһͬɫñȴഹᣬȻһ
ǸͬеŮˣȥʮߵ̬꣬Ӻݣ󷽣üˮһ£дƬ÷׵׺컨е˸ν޶ˡ
ˣǸˣȻС֣ȻʹøΪ֮˽²²ⲻѡ
ʱɳǰһģСǰһ֣ǸӺݻĸ˽һֻϸִϣֱɣƵ롣
ƵԭҺģԷէȻ֮ʱԳ쳣徲ÿ˵۾ˣȻڽˣ˼ȵĺ档
һֻڹ̨沦ӵƹ񣬾ȻҲɲסλվŲܹ̺ˡ
ʿǰĵƹģ΢΢һͷ̵ġɣô
ƹЦ̣ɣСꡣ
ʿͷ·
ʲô·ͽˡ
ƹ԰һ˫ƹĿСкϲϲ裬ֽѶֽѶȴǸƯСһɸ˼ݣСһӣһƯľ̩ȡһҶӣϺõĲҶ漴ԸҵүֻԼĲ裬꣬ҲԼġ
ƹһ£漴ǣӹתԸĻһ
ʱλʿᷢһͿȵƹأҽ
ƹһЦǰС˾ǣλ͹ʲôǲô
һߣ¿һۣͷܺãԭƹģмҪæգ
ƹĹЦңСպ
ƹġ
ңү
ûʲôطﰤЩʱ򣬿ܰ죬һ죬Ҳ졣
ޣƹķɵֻǣС꿪ǾƵֻ꣬ʳȴûпջ
˵Ͳˣһ˵İ˰ӷָͷƳγεһƬҶӣжء
Σȸ㣬ǽȫ
ƹֻֽӹֻ۾ЦöгһˣҵĴүǽѽǡүͱҪЩʲôѽǸȫϯҲʹôѽ
Цһ˵ϯܺҵĿζʲôҵĸк㣬ˬòģǡ΢΢һ٣һ˫ӻɨʳڸˣ
ֻ̫ˡ
⡭ôƹĴֻ֣СطΪٽĿһ㡣
˵ͷ֪Ǵϣ㲻ҪٽӴһˣװɣ
ƹ૵⡭ү⻰ʲô˼
߶һЦܼ򵥣Ŀֻ׼뿪׼ӣװɣ
ޣԭƹĴһ£⡭
˸ղǿ⣬ʹͣһҪظ
ƹĶʱЦտһӦţ漴кСлѿӸҳȥλүѰλˣ
СлСƣӦţתܣȴһ𹿵ĸߴʿײһ顣
Ǹʿߣлܣһһ⣬ôײһ顣
ʿлȴСһײ֮£ط˳ȥͨһˤڵء
ࡡˡﰥţлɵ
ôʿһںٻǿƼԷĴүһˣ
һԷģлҡ˫֣Բλү뵽ȥɣ
һ˫Ũü˵еλôпˣү裬ò裡˵ţһֻųصһֻȣߡ
жǸϷСͷȻǺЦˣɺãӿˣСƣֻҲһĴȤӴ룬ҰҽС
·ƺڽŲãѰÿһ˶۲쵽ˣֻǺһˣգΪӱһסֻܿ߱ӰȻҲֻܰѰˡ
ƹһĵˣΪѣòװͽǰͣӵ֣ȴû뵽Ȼɱôһʶ̧ٵĵˣôһԼֵӸŪˡ
ףλүǸʲôƹŲܹȥүɣλȱ˼Ұˣ
һЦŹƨղԶп˽ô˵Ѿ˸ˣһ˵ʱָ̧ʿΣǣǽôҵүǮд
ƹһҲ˲߶ʮһȥץȣУү㲻ȡ֣
ǸȲжأֻ֪һץȥʹ˺ܴŸո
ŨüһһЦƾķҳȥȥɣ˵ʱֻһƹǰأһ£ƹѵܲ𣬽һȣһֱ˳ȥ
ͿȴһطԺƹ󣬽ƹҪµסƹԭѰڳһĽųķ̬ȻΪһȻѵµӸסˣԼҲе֣ٿػͷôһ¡
ǣǸһ·λϻվ
ۼŭ˫˲Ҳ˲ضǸˡ
үˣλƹ˵òطȷʵǱ˰ˣү㻹ɣͳÿһֶǻԲеֻҪһ⣬֪仰ϵԵǸߴĽڵˣиܣԷ̶̵ļ仰ÿһӴǰ˶ģԷ
ɫ΢΢һһҶͬԾƵģĸҪ£˵ҷѱ˰ҳ˵ݵݲ
˵ݲ㡣
˴Ϊʲô
˵ȻһЦΪ̫ˣ
˻һʱñЦ֮
ڵ˱һŨüſȥһֻ΢΢֮У˼
ٺ١һЦΪƿںСӣ֪֣òŸүҹȥʲô㻮үľǣ
˵ֻһµĵӲס
ЦڵһЦûɽүܹҡڵ䵱ɽͲ͵͵ػȥѾɣҽľˣ
˵ͷô˵䵱ɽġˣ
ǺǡЦһ˫ҪҾˣѵù㻹֪ôһˡ˵ʱϿһ˫꣬ôš
˴Ʈһ˿Цҵ۾֣Ҿһŵֻǰ£㲻Ҫ֡
١˵˼ΪѾ֣Բٲˣ
ڣ˻ûд𻰣ȴһһ˹صǻ˵˼ʲôͷʲôͷ˰Сӣ
˶鲻Խر⼸仰òĿӣȴ˵ǸСͷ
ֻǺܸ˰ֻҪСͷһ˵ȻùӦﹾֽţֻĵ̷ò֡
Сͷ˵ˣҲţӼвˣںȾƣҲ׵˶࿴һۡ
ֹⷬ˵Ȼһ֪ʿ뱻Ϊ˵ĵʿȻǴͷСⷬᱡֻ֪ܲǰȴϾȥˡ
ʿһ֮ǰ뵽Ի֮أǲˡЦһĿעԷˣȥһ⣬÷䵱ɽȥҪȻֻǰԵ
˵Բһ˫۵ºÿĿ
ЦЦû˵
ȻϵǸСͷһֻŸĺͷѽ׽ϵ˷򸾶ʶҳҰֲҪԿˣҪ㣬ɴ͹ػɽȥĺӴȥòųˣ
ⷬ˭óģڶһŲȻŭһڣٿŤͷŭϵˣƫƫǸСͷȴǲ棬ֻ˶ĺڹиݡ
˺ٺһЦĿرӵСڵүǰװ⣬һˡ
һ٣תʿصԭ¾׾ʿͷ򸾵ĴҾˣܹݻݵ֣ҲУɣƶģ˵ʱ˻λվվӹͣһŪüһƣֱǰľƳ⣬һײһ飬ŵϵĿ˷׷ӱܣʳΪ֮Ȼҡ
ʿ״Ʊ֮ЦһֻӲסɣڣǰ̤һ
Ҳʱٿֵ̧߳һţһɼ촦ֻ겢ţʸֱ򱻳Ϊ׾ʿİһ˫ֱ˹
һ˫굱ȻʾĹ˫һ֣Ϊɷ磬˸ٽǰֵǾļۿѾӴԷӵɲǼ䣬أһǽأơһ˫˫ڵء
ⷬ龰һڳУʹĿߣ㶼Ϊ֮һ
ΪֳߣŸΪ˺𾪣Ȼ˵ĿǰΪֹҲû̧һ£˫꣬޹䡣
氵һżΪµع
ľ֮ĺգüͷ΢΢һ£ᷢһ̾ϢϤ˹ϤˣҲΪԷڴ˿̴˵չ¶񹦣ȡоΪȻ
һ书ˣһ书ˣ׵ǰּν䷸
ǰˣȻкһӣ֪ܲɣ˿ǰּˡ
һ˫۾üȻϹӣԷʩչġȻǰδȴҲţϤ֪һ־տڹϡ
ԭŹеͥϡ֮˫ͫһˣ˵֮䣬ȻҪزȫܣȻǼѼ֮¡
ǰ˿಻ơšѡ
ϤһżԪĹһ֮䣬ľȫݼԼʹ˹֮ˣҲʩչǰôʩչǱģȻ֮ˡ
֮⣬СС֮ڣȻвָ֣ĿŰʩչһ֮󣬾㶼鲻ɼֳһࡣ
ϵǸСͷҲƺôˣֻǺٺЦѣһͷƾơ
Ŀüˣ漴ɫ䡣֮һֱֻ̧ȭƶǿˣ벻书֮󣬵ſѧľʶˣ
һ˫˸ֻͫǽر˲Ҳ˲һ£ڿһ˿ŭһЩϲһļƣĪ
˵껰ʧطһ̾Ϣ漴Ǹȣ̤
ڳ˵ٶȷǳϣɷ족벻ʱ˿ʱȴڹϢһҲû߲ѱ֣ȷǴʼϷǼ
ۿߴĵˣǸԶ˻Ҫ߳ıȣⲽ
˲
أһ˦ףϵǸһŭ㣬ЮżΪһɾ磬ֱ˺ֱ˹
һְίʵʧһʦֶ֣֮ݣʽ֮ȷʵ֮Ȼϳ˰˲潻֣޺֮£Ż²ߣͼһ֮䣬Է֮£ĵ֮Ըӡ
ԭ䵱ʮ䣬һ·ȡ⡰žŰʮһ·ȡʵҲԿɽŵĹһչƥǰһ֡βǹ˦ңϾۼޱȼ磬
һʽ֣˵ĵν׾ʿİˣȴɲ⡣
˵ȡһԺʯۿѴԷԣذǿͷ­ȴǰƽȥ
һЮޱȵľ磬˵ıȲԺķһ˹ȥ
˵ļȻֻˣһȵ֮£һ̤
٣ֻһšԭѵݳ֮˻ӰףŸ˹
һһˣһһʾ˾˵Ըɱ֮ǲڻ¡
˹ȻĪ⡣Ӳֻȣ˵һͷһȴ˻ҲıǼ˻
һ߿֮£˻γѣ֪Է׾ʿȻв˼ĹԼжˣһٲֻΪԼɱ֮
һݡ١صͺһһεš֮£ֻͭࡰطһһϲʩһ̴ֲʽ§Է
ⲻ̶ֻѣʵϰȴһ֡
˵һʽ֣ʩչάάФٿȻչ޵ۣһѽ˶Է֮ϡأֻȾǶʯһʵ⶯ֺ
һһֻұʩȫ֮һȾǺסˣȻһҲ
ֳһ˿Ц
ţӣһ£ܸ˰ɣ
һ飬ȣԾ𣬺߳˫ţֱȡ˫ۣͼܹȡʤ
ݲҰͼٿ𣬡žžһƫ˫ϡҪСһ֮
ʹһӾͿһֱۣ淭¡
ȻĲʺ
µӣ˿ٵһϲӰΣٿ죬ۡ
һѽ˵˿׳ظϡͬʱ䣬һֻȴˮѰصָֻֿţֱ˫ͫȥ
˽в֮ġһԹ۵ĺգüͷ΢΢һ壬˼֡أʳһĺء
ԳؽʹڿɽҰѸе̶οССʳ֮ڡÿ˶ΪͻԳŵһ
һӰٿһǰֱ˺ϮȥȻ֪Է˵Ȼ˹ȥȴ෸ֻǰצմȴѾһϸֱ˵ͷͳ
ͬʱ䣬ϵǸСͷȴ߳ࡣĶҪඣţСؾͿյֱѭֻ׷ȥ
ֳһҵ˼㡣
ˡ
ȴ˳֡
ӵСͷȴ׷ĺӡ
Ͽҳһʵȴɡ
˾Ϊݶԭ˼һ֮䣬Էһ˫ͫڳȴû뵽ڹϾɱһֻӵ
԰֮ӣȻһֻУֻڵ˫۵ⷬͼȴòʹ˴ֻݳֻ֣Ӳس˻
Ȼһֻ֣ȴѽʵʵӡ˵ظϡ
ǻʵˡټһصֱֱطɳ⣬ͨˤ˸Ľų죬ϵǸȻһ죬棬һʱʯм׷ɣƾѼ
ӳ鶯һ£ɵǷһ룬ɲסۡһѪ
ǰӰѾվ
һָֻǰأòƽһӿĵֻŵվİ΢΢һͷ˵
Цһ˼ڲ˵ʱ׽㣬ʱݣ߰ɣ
ٴοڣȴɲסһԣæֱס죬ɫΪ˱ȭ漴ͷȥ
ЦһٿصĿϵǸСͷ
ԭղݵһֺӰϷȻݱ棬ȴڳЩϽӣһ۾ͿǺξġ
ڰĿ֮£СͷվһڣһЦŰ˱ȭԲ𣬴˲С˹֣ݵ֣Ȼһһʶɣ˾ʹǰɣ
΢΢һͷҵȻһʶ丸ӣӻҪ̲ܽǣ
Сͷ֮£ʱһ˴ǣһ˿΢Ц漴תصλ
ڳʱ⼸仰˵úһԣѶԷСͷҲȳСͷղŶֻӿڿӣԼҲˡ֮ì֮ܡһ˫أȴʹöԷСͷһʱԶԡ
ʳﱬһЦⷬ龰ʹСͷЩ²̨ϾϽˣһסԸɡĽ⳰죬ЦλԼ
ûУһֻźԴ˼ҰүǶˣûаǸܺãҪֵ㱾¸˼ƣҪȻ˼ҿǸˡ
ֻӵƽ⣬֮£㶼Ұҽ
Դӹ֮ҲԷСͷϿһۡ
ʱǸΪһƣ򸾶˫˫ٱһ£龰Ǵҵľɧſ͵ľۻᣬɽʤģ
ƹĿð֣Ǹͽᣬһ̼ȽҲ϶࿴һۣһ˸ĺ˸ӴˡǸǺþۼϸֶ˳񱭣ʱ־ȾһĨȥӽ޶ˡ˷Ǻԣһϯ˸ʱûн˼
ƵĿûôõ£̵һ뿪ЩȻƹȴһһӰ˵˼ˡ
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ټʳȴֻʣ˹ļˡ
շ˯Ѿ˯һ൱ʱ䣬ӻҪ˯ȥ
ܽһͷϣǸʱǣ¿Ҫߵ˼ȻƷѱȴҪһջһţʱóָףϻš˫üţһ벻¡
پϷǸСͷˣ㷹֮󣬶Ըֶ˰ĺӣǾ̣ӣһͷȴǰţ˳صֻҲһ˴ΪԷ顣
ԭֵĳ棬һӱóİ
أһƬĺɫˡ
˲ߣֻСؼ̺šƹĴСƣӣһյյƹ¡һ磬ԺĿݻҶǰεֱתʵ
أҹˡ
ʳӵԵ
ǸСͷվɵشֻ˴˻һţҲ˯ˡ
ַֻǰϣ˯˯ۣ·Сڽ̸ʲôǸСֱֻżͷһλ˯ˡ
Ȼιƣþƣһ̺ò
ƹӦһްɵһ˫˯ۣȵľʢãС˹๫үľˡ
˵ͷһӡƹĽӹ̾һЦҹˣ๫үͷ˿ҪЪˣСȻǿջ浹ҲɾķӣҪǡ
˲˵꣬漴ҡҡͷòţҪ˯Ҳˡ
ƹЦǣȴ̲סѹɤӵǡˣСŴŰ壬๫˼
Уҡҡͷ㲻ܹţҵ˼ſڻټյơ
⣬ƹЦҹˣпô˵๫ղŲС겻ٽӴô
һЦȻӴͣ˲ͬ㲻ضʣҵĻȥˣ
ƹĲҶײӦһæкһƣ˵ߣѵ˵յƹȥ
ʱһ຺ǣһˮţǰңֻͽţһ«ɵ¡˵ؾߡ
ƹæιιһѴϢˣ
ɵһ㶣һЦǲǺϰ𣿡
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һЦҲţôĵأһˣ˵ˣ
ƹĴɵӣһЦģôˣ
һƵؽ˾Ƶ꣬һѸʴƤľƺ«ڹ̨ϣֻ۾µµֳתһĪӡ
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ƹġꡱһ˵ⲻ£˾ƾͻȥɣ
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ƹĳⶼʲôʱˣﻹձðɣҰͷȥ԰ɡ
ЦǸãһϣüˣûǮ
ƹֻһߣһѰõͷ;ƸߡԺһɡ
Ҫš
վţ
԰ϣǸʲôģ
һ㵣һӣ֪˭ڸ˵ƹĳɵСӣλ๫ڸ˵أ漴һŰ๫Ц๫үϽ󻧵ĳдӣǸСӣ͸̧֣߰ɣ
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ƹĸæһɫȸʽҪߣƺͷɵ߳ȥţˡ 







 

  
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òşֻ̌Ҫоƾ͹ˣþƣ
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ˣϵǰ˵꣬Ȼػһ˥ĸо˿ȥʮϣһ˫Ÿ߸ڶľ崲ϣһ˫ֽذǰϣźȥǲòᡣ
˺ӺܳȴмᣬźֻܿϮ˿ĳͼǮƣгһݳ治֪ʲôԴԺǸϸİƬҲ뿪ӡ
ġƥһݵĺ˩ԱţǰѹʶȻȴһ顣
ʵϣֻżȻĽϣżȻؽӴǰδĿˡ
㿴ʲôϴ΢΢Ц˵պƹ⣬ɣЩʲôˣ
УŴЦ˼Ҳµû治ɣϻ濪ҹأ滹кüûأ
˵ɫԵñȽϳţȻ΢Ц
˵˵૵ص㿴ǼһҲ©ظң꣬ʲô࣬ʲô·
һĭãҵĻѾˣ
һȡӰָͷ˼ŵһۣҿһСͷֻӣмš
˱һʲô·ж
⡭ӵͷҼǵãϴһƤģӺС
غһֺȻģ
ӵ˵ʲô
ҡҡͷûʲô˵ȥ⻹Щʲôˣ
ӵҿһƯӳ˯
һüëʲôࣿ
ҡͷ⣬
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룺⻹һһ಼ѣǸˡ
ꣿ
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ӵУһ˫ŮǷ򸾣Ǯˡ
һü˵·򸾣
ֱ۾Ưİ·滹ŻгкȣӹģȥҪߵʱסңʶҪǺϰΪ˵飬˵ĳ֪Ҫôأ
һЦǹȻ
˭۾ʶǣ
˳һҡҡͷ㲻֪ܺãллЩһ˵Ǯһӣϵãһ껨ˣ
ЦǺǣϴүãʼ仰͸ôǮ˵ŰùִӴһӣֵؿݡ
ϴүŲţһôǵһμôӣÿҽҪڱ˯
۽ϴЦƵãܹǱõģѵҪһӲɣ
Ŵһиѽһǰׯϸ󻧼ﵱӶˣһֺ߻ƣҷ첹Լȴһ·ûУ͸Ҳ򼸼·
һϧһ̾ŴӵúӣɵӣⷬТģѵãȰ㻹ǽﲻҪ̫·ֻҪů͹ˣǮֻЩ˼ҰԵĶ͹ˣûµʱĸӹԳԣǺܺ𣡡
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ĪЦÿļˣԷһӼԶͲܷżΪݵ̬һֻ֣ȴͼСֳɹǲģĪЦһ仨ۿſͼѾָˡ
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ܽؽĪԿնһۿǰĺգһҪǰȴͯ۵ס
ˣԼˣαأ
ԼˣĪȻף˭
ͯ̾һȻ̸ɡһ˵ϴżĵĿЦźձһȭֵܣ¾͵ΪֹǺˡתܽؽĪͷߡ
˵겻ٹػ˫ձһȭͷһΣѷݳȥ
ܽؽĪһȴҲ֪ɷôȻԭģЦһѭȥ·һ·ݶȥ
յҲû뵽Է򸾶˾ôô򷢣΢гϡ
ʱߴһЦһϵôߺߣֻûôװɡ
һЦǰɣʾ߼
˵ֳڣֻñˢһһӰֱ£ǰֳһݵӡ
ΰתһʯѣҲԳˡ
ʯһӰͻذ죬׹֮ѵ˺ԣϹ⶷
Ƕһ֮ϹէȻһ֣˵ϵǸͶضֱˣֱ˹ȥ
𣬴ǸͶȥϹٿ˻Ϊ͸ΪԲΣֱյͷϴ
ЦһһΣӴ˰ߣϹһӣصһȻ˸ա
ãбǰһ͡
һּ㣬ȴ仯ǧϹӾȻֻܶһ¼ΪסҸ¡
һĵطҪ˵ϹӱˣһԵһĿü಻һӻȥҪճ֣һǰһͣϹб˳ȥ
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һֻϹðǣȫȣǽڷiȻһҲ󣬳Щ⣬ϹӵҲĸܡһ½ǣ漴վɵģֻǵһ˫׹ɵصŶԷ
һ֪Է־ˣʵ֤׾ʿͯǰȻǶԷ֣ʮֵСġ
ǰ˼һӹһЦûλѹգǡ
նһ£漴Լ֡
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ݸǰ̫佱ˣ˼ҵĴҾˣһ˻漼һȴҲ
һһʱһƬŭݣصһҹô뿪飬㾹ҶĴӣߺ
ЦҪʲô̬ˣҵˣҲһ
һӵû٣ȡᣬʲôӢۺú
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һЦһⶫҵģҵȻҪûҪ̡
˵ʱǰ㣬˫̽ѰڲСȵķ̽С
˺һҪҶ֣
һӵϻ˵ʤùңܣҲֻѱͼߣٺ٣ǾͲϵѱͼˡ
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һٿذѶֲ̽˻ȥһһ˫֣ǾͿɡ
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ղ̧ͷֻƾľ磬֪Էַͷ˦Ӳһͷƿ˰ߣһڵһȭͷ߻˹ȥ
һӱϾ˲֣ʽϣֻȭһգٿؿƵһӻûվҰӿհش˹
һ˲̵ʱ˫ѿٵػ߰С
ֶУȻֻͬǿȴеڶϷһʽзԵݳһ룬ȴʱֹס;˻էƵڱ˴һⲻ֪ȴɱС
ȻһŭХһչӥ㣬ٿڿնֻڿ˸߶ȴƼ级˹
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һ˵ɱƤͼ˫ֵϵԭڹԣ˼һǺúŰɡ
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һӸ̾һͷл¹ػֻһ²Ҫǰ̡
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һ΢΢һ٣૵ҿϵ̨书ǿӦϷ֮ϡ
յǰʤѷ֣дԣ
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漴̾ϢһðɣΣҰʢ飬ⷬ⣬Ҳֻڴٱˡ
ЦһЦǰˣȥһ·ֻж࣬ҪرСĲǡ
˵ʱϹҲ˽ǰһֳָͱȭգһ˫׹۵λǺôһᣬһᣬֻϹۣܰǣſ
ջ̫ˣȥһ·λҪϸͯϷĻթҲǾʹ˸ģĿǰΪͼϣڶλҲаζλǧⲻãԾڴˣ͸ˡ˵գȭһҾӶֱ𣬡һ֮ߣһĸת漴ʧ١
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ССȻôˡ
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ϴµļ˶⼸仰Цˡ
Ϲʡ͵ĵƣȥĸԣס̾ҪӺÿֻǽβͬղŵĽѵʱʱֻװͿؿŶԷٺЦ˼˴ͷһײٿ
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һȻں̸ȥѣ漴βһռסˡ
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˱ŴΦɹֻ̫ԶԶȥһ˫ģܽĶ棬ȴһƤͷ
бŴΦϸϸһ˫ۣԶԶߴţֱһǰƺȻջ۹⣬һһۣȥһ˫˻غһ̫˵ذһ˫۾ϡ
һӾ˶С漴ƶͷһĽʻȥ
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һкϹӾ˴Сּǰʻȥ
վڰϣһĿС뿪ˣʮֳصкϹӵߡ
Ϲӵ㲻ǸղŸһһ·ôôô͵ˣ
һԴ¹֮ЩণǸû˵ȴЩֹĲһԽɴǰ´ֻȴûѶǸİ˵˵
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׵ϵҲŵؿһ£ȷǽ䱸ɭϣסźܶٺУ书ǿҲȻǲǱɹˡӪĻɢܵ񷿣ϸΪҲˣߣ벻ƫƫʹؾȻᱻҸ˵ĿעǲĴ֣
ҧһͷǻ˵ּ壬ӵūţҺ޲ҪǵĹ
׵һЦҲҪ̫ˣ
΢΢ЦЦ׵ֽȥ˭ǽأ¾Ҳһݣ
һЦҲԸȥۏˮɱɱ͢٣һȵɱͷﷸأ
׵ϳЦڲ˵̫ˣһһʱѽѾͷϴˣ
˶Цˡ
˵ģ㿴ʲôʱ֣
ȱ𼱣Ǽġ˵ţ׵ϺȻվ⸽һС֥꣬黨ԲúܲǵǱȥ߳Աô
һϲѽô˵أҶأ
һ˵ȥñ
òŴ׵ϵ볣סĵط̫ˣҪǱϳɾͲ̫á
ҡͷϵӵģ⸱¹Ĵ磬Ҳϲҵġ
׵Ͼ糾˵󣬿ǽȴԶǾôҪḻö࣬ҳ״ֲӣһϡ
žһգȻģһҲˡ
ŮȻһ˲ı£ᣬδˣ˿̶ԾױԼǰδĹģһʱֲԽѹϵƺһԵضʱ⣬һʱžЦûꡣ˴˵Цһֵزţϲȥ
ҹҲѾˣǰ֡ȴȻ֣ҹȻš
ģĵģˣʽյģϷġ
䡢׵˫Ů˿̻䣬ֻޱɣ䣬ԴӼͥ¹ʺ󣬻ҹôĹ
켣ȺָָǸֻ˼ˡ
ҹУҵ׵˵ǼС꣬һԲһ֮£Ȼζһ룬Ȼδ
׵ϰСˣҵС㣬Ǻó࣡
Ц˭ҪģôóԣһҪԼ֥أ
׵һ£Цúãͳ԰ɣҹжʹͺˣ
أȳ˵кιϰ壬ĸըţ
ϰӦһҪתһŮ˵Ҳţ
һ仰Ȼע⡣
˳ŶԷȥԼǰһСϣ֪ʲôʱһŮͣװ׵°ͣһ˫ȧȻӸһ㣬ȴڲסԷеʣǸ൱ĸˡ
Ů˴һϮɫѣϮ磬һЩ˿飬ȥʮֺÿ
˶ŮŤʱԷҲڿǣ˴۹һӵĵ¸΢΢һЦһͷ
ڲʽ鲻Խذ۾תһߡ
׵ȴһŮ˿ȥеаţٴ߰ɣ
˵ͣȻԷ˭֪䣬ȴԷǸŮ΢Ц˵ˣӲҪװˣǲŽаŶأ
ŮһԿһۣŶԷĶ䣬Ȼ仰ǳԼ˵ġ
䲻ɴǸŮ˼ۣԷȴ߿Ҳһۡ
׵΢΢һЦҡһͷʾҪ춯漴վ߰ɣˣ
˵ʱըõһŶ˹׵ϾͷԸȥԣһСߡ
ŮǸŮʱԷϵһ洵һ˫ӣЦЦעţ΢΢ͷ
ΪԷԼвأæһߣҴͬ׵ϲ⡣
Ϳһɼ磬ֱԺϮƾȥľ飬̾͸оȻаϮҲ׵кһתಽһԡ
ʲôҲûУֻһɷˣٿǸ¸ˣһ˫Ӽһڵţ΢΢
˴˼룬˵Ҳɿ⣬ѵԷŮ˽ֻƾﴵһʹԼаͷĸоҲδ̫һˡ
߳С꣬һ䣬ͷվס
̫ˣ俴׵ϵɿĵϸˣ
׵Ϻߵôһ˵ҳˣʲôһ۾ĵϸֻƾղͿ֪ڹߣǲ¡
СһϽ㣬Źô
׵бֵص˵ǡϷ硯ǰĿұ죿
ͷ˭
׵һЦλ˼ҺѾˣ
ȻڻɸղǸŮ˿йء
׵ϵƾʲôΪóһ
漴Ѹղֵĸо˵׵֮ĸлɡ
ô˵ȷм񣬲ˡϷ硯һ֮⣬мŸԴﵽ˵ľأͺñǡθ󡯵ġ֮˵һ֮ͬ
ʵλݽļԽȽԼľ̫Զˡ
׵ϽŵΣŮȷһ򵥵ˡ֣ҾȻϲ˭뿴
һЦˣҲԺһҲˣαط˼
׵Ͽ̾˿ҡҡͷ̫ˣЩ˲Ե޹ʵسֵģưɣǻŵģǵУʱ֪ˡ
˵ʱֻһ죬һͷڰ׻Сë¿ֱ󼲳˹
ŮԿ¿ϵͣǸոСǸ¸ˣٶ̫죬˲Ϣ֮䣬ֻʣһӰ
Ŷ׵ϼһŶԷŵıӰЦˣ
ҲɺصôСë¿ҵҲǵһμ׵ϸһȴôҲ벻ôһˡ
߰ɣ
׵ʣȥ
һЦװˣ᲻֪ҪȥѵֻΪ˳Բģ
׵ϵȥǿԣһҪӦҽϲ֣
룬ͷðɣԭû϶֣ҪȻһ᲻Ž𣿡
׵ϵðɣֻȥ̽һ£Ҫκˣ
֪湻Сģһľˣ
׵ϿͷദҲˣ뵽ǾҪˣ
һ㶵Ҫˣ
׵ϵͷûвɢϯһҵ£ϸһ顭ðɣ߰ɣ
һ˵Ҫ뿪̾;òþ׵ϼȴߣҲͲٶ룬´Ҵϵ
׵Ѿ߹һΣͷǰ·Ʋ·ҰʩչṦ֮һӼϣ׷׷ϸϰʱ׵˵
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ŮԶԶǰֻѳʵعرţǴ쳣飨Զŵģȴڲ࣬һƣһƬƵƹ⣬ҲֻɷԲѡ
濴ȥĹģʵڲСܽŵơ
Ůվǰ࣬ȴһа¡
׵ϴǰĴµʱ佫ˡ
Ҳ֪Ǹǽȥȥ
׵ϵɣط̫߶ߣߣʱԺ档
סȻݴһ䶯
Ůͬʱкҷֿ
һһͳȮһӰֱѭϼ˹
է֮£ǰһȮȻı˹ȥͨݴԡ
ȻһѵļȮҧ˶һʽ˿£һ֮ƣڶεٴԾֱ档
ҹҲʲôģ˫۾ӳɫֳ̹⣬ɭɭʮֺˡ
Ȯһ˲УڶδѡӭŶԷƣһ浹ȥֻأһ˸ա˲У䲻˵ΣڶԷڹһʽ˿ǰצŵصһѽʱ֮ĵذӵ
ҪʩչԷȮϮһ˲䣬һ߰׹⡰ꡱػնƫекڹǰС
ۡһڹԭδһ룬Ϊзһڱǰ裬漴زֻצץѸҲץһͿݺݵһӲűȻһֻȴҲ֮
Ȼɵ׵ˡ
׵ϾվԱߣ״صգ벻
俴һ۵ҿϻзɵߣҲҪԼȴŰ
׵һЦ˵İٲ˵ģѧҶɵַûУ
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Ǻã׵˵Ϲ£ÿһʮڷɵΣָһ
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ӹһǴĳ̵߳һཻԲʮϸխСıзɵ
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𵯹ܣֻ뽫СһǶഩһ˫ģһҲ׸
䷽԰ѵ²ϣһǿֱ
һ龪Ůرϸʱһ֣ٿҷֻֿǶԷӸµӣֳοʮƹէȻһգһӰٵѴܵǰ
ͷɫһһյͷĳƣҺһڹͷէȻֳ֮ƺȻһƥƹ⣬ֱŮ֮һ׵ϲȥ
ǰαȮϮ飬Ϥսپ֮Ҫ˼Ȼ֣Ҳá
£ŶԷעһĵԾǰһָۣУֱ˺˹ȥ
ȻҲǸӣ󾢷һ֣ٿתֻϧƹڼʹֲһڵ³һ룬ѱĽƻǰأֱֱȥ
ӲŲһ룬ȴӭһҪɱ׵ϡǰһָۣ֮׼ȷص˶Է󱳵־ѨϡӲԡһʱ²ʡֱֱ
׵Ͻżסµӣذ
һȻչٶң˶Ѹٶ죬ûзһһһ̵رƽˡ
׵˸ƣ󳷿ھй۲һ£ʲô漴ԭƻֱȥ
ĵڽǽ֮£ϸһ£澲ĵģٳ̣طԺǽ֮ϣһƮǽڡ
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˳һʯɵֱֱͨĴ۱۱ĸֵĽɫҶ¹Ź⣬еƹ⴫ȴǾĵһ
Ҵһȷûʲôˣ漴ǰһѰɸ£סͷһ䣬ڣ˫һɣһֻèƵѶ˴̨һǡλãؿԿһС
һ㲻ȷһĴ۱ķ·𹩳ңϵй⣬ȴǲһĺУȴְľںȲ̸ͣҲ˵Щʲô
ѿȷȻΪٷãʱĽˡ
ʩչṦһ·෽һƵĸ¥֪ԭǺо޵ڵ֪ʲôռˡš漴ʩչṦֱ֮Ƶĸ¥ȥŸ¥Ȼܸߣȴʵǡ
ṦѣҲոߵġ׺׳֮ƣӰɸ£һ䣬ֻ˸¥
˫ַһֻ̨һǴһǸ˿֮Ķʱ֪˲Ųһֻۣž̨һߣӼʸҲƵĵ˳ȥ
ʵķȷǹͻȻַֻһ̨ǸͬʱһĶӵĵۣһ
侪֮£˫ͬʱ߾ȫ䣬һƮƮ档
Ȼ˲ʩչۼŸ¥һݳӰȷʵ졣
ӷصһӰѳʡƷԿն׹ɢܡ
һ֮£ҲϾ
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ôţȴʱֻ۾طֱϴת
֮һ֣ȡһĻӣһŻⷢϣԲɵطڻ䷶Χ֮ڣȻΣʱΪԷ˸
һĽΪС˴Ϊ𾪵صǹĴݹˣ
һڹ˵ʱüɫ裬ƻӣһ˵ֹֻһ£ǻʧˣǸǺݶʱˣҲͱǸɣ
еͬʩɫȻһеϣ˻һӵϡ
һͷݸߵˣһ˹ִһǹεǹͷֱǰе㵽
䱾ɴ˿ϤԷ֮ǣɺޣҪԷһ
ʱΪ׸߸ӵǹͷ΢ΣǹͷȻ߿ա
߸ӵȻֹˣһǹ߿֮£죬ǽǹͷٿջأǹͷ˦˶һƬǹȴϷ˹
Цƾ֪֮Էǹƣǰһͻأֻһѵס˶ԷǹͷһǸ߸ͷ̫ͣһ¶ʧģסһģһˤϡôһǹȻϡ
է飬㶼سһ벻ͬһֻһУܷ䡣
Ȼֹˣһϲǹѻ˿ѩǹ棬һ߰˷Բһ󻡶ȣ˶ʱȣ˫˫սȦ֮⡣
ôһøּߵе
͸ȺƵĴӥȮҲ;飬ӷǰһͣۡһи߸Ӻ󱳡
һǹûһ͸ȴҲƵġ߸ͷĽһݸߵӾһŰƵģֱֱǰ浹ʱۻ˹ȥ
ʣ¶˼״ӳԾԭ֪䲻Ǻǵģڳζ֪Ǻ롣
Ǹǽƻһָ˼һڡͬʱַһơӡ
ŻӦУ¡ǰҼıһڡеȴЯңһƷ
һ֣شƬɢ֮䣬ֱѭȫӿ˹
֮ʱ׵֮ԣûд벻ȴݱˣʱɶԷ϶⴮ǹ˷ʤɾԤˣǰƬӱȶ
ʱƬĻطɵ˾һǹɱһֻ꣬öһƬ죬ȫķ졣
ͣ˳ơӡߵǸ˽Сͷߡ˹ȥڹǸɱԽԴͶ˲˻ʲÿ˶һݹ˷Բͬ
ӡһܹǹ䣬Ǵһ￼ǵԼİΣء
ǰէǹɨӣŻӿߵͷ߳кϳʰѾͷɱˣһ䣬ϣе׼۾
벻ԼһСģȻǶ˶Էһٲֱ׵䣬޶ǣôһӱؽܾ룬òҵӵĲ֮Ժֲ֪ǽδȥˡԽǺ޶ƫƫǰԽǲܳ
˵ʱ٣ʱ졣͵еûеݹһġͷߡѷԾǰ
ıţ⵶ǰһ˽ڼ⵶ض˳䱳Ͼ
Цһһ࣬ǹط˦ɳȥš
νһ糤һǿһһաضʩĶǶ̱Уֻڽ֮󣺲ܷʮֵֻҪһɾΣ״ˣ֮ʹһΣնûС
ǰԸе״Ϊù̾˽⵽εĲǹһֱȡţû֮ǰ㲻òæ˳ǹɫǹͷԲŻ˹ȥЩһѪۡ
һбͣɵزȣֱȥ
ͷߡһ͵һԾţ̵Сȥʽ֮Ϳֱ
ʱһͣȴ˼ڣֻǰӰ˸һӰٱǰƹϼС
̾˶Уս֡
˵ոߵ󣬵Ŀµ⣬һڹ⣬ڶûгֱУټϸԭһŭƽʱͱסһʱá
ӡͣۿԼ˶ڣѱסǼʿԱȻΪ˱ӣʵּܻ䡣ԭı㣬׼˳ϸӳ䣬زΪݣһһ洫ȥԼϢųȴԱ佫Ϊ¾ó࣬ע̬֮벻ʹ
Ȼ͵Ȱ˼ȸ׽֮Ȼֹˡ
ʵôһ֣𾪡
һ渺̽׵һ֪´Ҵɲ氵иϵ
׵ٽֻǰԺһƬƻͨյΧһȦӣƹ۴ֻһڣĵսһʩչŵǹ˵쳣κζԷ׺ͣΣ֡һ˲գͿ
ͻģһ䣬ԺһƼ硣
׵ǺεȾϸһԺ֪˰㣬ǰһͣϮİ
ʵʲôһƬҶѡöҶֻͣơһض˶ˡ
׵һ֮£ŭաԭҪգôһ㲻òչɱľС
ŭУطȴֻ⣬һݸĵӰһͤӡ
׵ƽ˰ˣԷȻֵİһƬҶǹֵľһҲǲˡԷ֮󲢲ˣȻʾУ׵ϱһ߳
ӿȴǲţָ䷢һҶɵ
һƵ⣬ǰݸߵӰƺ﷢ˡǡһЦֻ˫ٿǰһУžһȻһ˫ưķɵ֮ڡ
һּзɵǿ侪գʵҲȷΣ֣ȻҹȴʩչüȻַȷʵֺ
׵ԴһԷҶֲ֣֪ʱʩչһ֡ơ
ַ֪˵ȷֻ½ҹĶͷ
׵ˣơӷɡ֪ṦȻ裬һǡ貨ȷǿ쵽˼㣬һ䣬ƺԷһ˫Ŀ
ɶ׵˵İġ
׵ϵĽƣͤϵ˳ȥ˫ǴꡱһǼʸһڣȥ֮Զ
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׵ô죬ֱӵȻٴһգۿ˵ӣѷɵǽͷ
ƺ׵΢΢һͷٿطݶ
׵Ҳ벻Ӫ֮УȻĸ֣Ȼ֪վȴҲòչ˶ԷΪҪ֮;±㲻˼ؽ׷
ǶֳȷһƬҡ
һڣȷʩ˻Ǹǹ£磬ѾˡͣȴȻԷĴȻô˶ˣǾƲһת㶼һȺнס
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ʱĵȴԽԽࡣ
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תһСӵʿ˫бֱһе澪յ˼㡣
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Բһһ߳ǹĳ߰ɨȣ
һںӵϡ
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͵ػӶֵ˹ǹһˡ
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ûбǹУȴ˸ɢ
ԭ⻹һݣѳϸӣһ˶ϣǹǾΣ²漴һ·ٿٿֱⷭȻӳ⣬ԴƬɱвؿҲ֪ж겻ں׷ϣֻýŲʮҡ 







 

  
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ҹɫŨҰȻ
һ˲֪жԶʶ·оĽŲǰˣȻûУ뻹һ˫ţƺͽԼһҲϷɡ
ôһʹ䲻òȥ
һɴʩչṦ֮ʩȫľһټݣ˵۳ʮôһĽŲˡ
䲻òͣЪһͷ˿ڳһƬҪ˵׷ϵˣסҵĵƻҲһյԶɽϵҰǵķͺһҡ
ϵǹž϶ദʹܶطˣֵ׵ϣ֪
ȻഫһЦ
һϸӰ󴫳
ٿһϲǵϽôһôȵ
ڣȴǸӰûƽҲûлػ͸ʮ¹⣬˵ʮ׵ϣһ֮£֪Լϴˡ
㲻ǡһԾص˭
ݵӰصǼ뿴࣬ʵǸŮˣһ˵ͷһΣƮǰ
䱾ܵһЩ
˿̾δս־ͻȻɱһԾ
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һ֮£֪˫겻ɢĽŲԭԼʩȫȴδӿ˵ĸ٣˲֪طڲԼǰ棬ֻܳṦ䰵硣
ԭ㣡ϸشŶԷΪʲôҪң
ʵúãһ˵˻Ʋǰ
Ȼ䣬俴ԭ㣡
ǸղԲСһԲǸŮˣСë¿ԶԶظϹԼ벻ȴ
ˣǸղŲǼ𣿡
ǰʶ
ǲҪΪѾʶˣŮ˵Ŀܹ֣ϷһˣȻǱٻ˵ȴڲסֶصĿ
һ˵ˣֻ۾ѺܿڶԷתһתȻװһ˵ӣȴҵ۾ʶ㣡
żһ˵ϵǹৣһֽס
ߺߡô˵ҲǲǸһˣ
侭һЪϢٻָһЩԷֻǵһˣóûһʤܹһȻǺá
ݸЦʲô˭һģʵɣĸܵܺ㣬رȥ
Ȼһô˵ǲֵˣ
ˣһ¶ˣ
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ԷƮƮһԡ
ǹһգŭʲô˵ģ䲻ǲһģΪȴһɣȻѽٳҵļˣʲô˵ģ
ŮɭɭصСѾͷ죬ҪҶ֣ҵȻ㣬ǻҪ˵ǰ棬Ҫزֵ
ߣ룬ӮңҪȻСɣ
Ů˵ͷǾô˵ˣӮ㣬͵øһȥ
ЦҪأ
Ů˵ˣҲƾĴã˵ʲôã
俴Ȼһ˵˰죬һ֪˭
Ů˵ôɣȱ˭ˣ֮Ҫǰ£ҾͰĸ׵ܵе˶ŻҪȻҪԹԵظһȥһƾҵķ䣬㿴òã
룬ЩԥΪ˼ȻԼսӮȻǲӵȻԼδþת룬ԼӮˣԷӦĸ׵ܷܵŻأһҪԼˣزֵԿĸ׼棬ԼֻӦȥֵȥԺٳȻԼˡ
Ů˼ֳһ˼ֻĬĬһЦ֪ǲңɣϲҵĶ֣ߵͷҲͷȥ㿴òã
俴һ۵ͷòżðɣھͶֻ֣ôȷȴҪ
Ů˵Ǻܼ򵥣Զʮзʤ˭˲Ƥ
ͷܺãɣһ˵ϵǹһ̧һ˫ֵ룡
Ů˺ܿΧתһתվסͷñµһֲýϰ˵Ů·Ȼͬ
ϻ˵㵹Ƿѽ
ŮվѾ׼ˡ
סšһСֻ֡ɼ磬ŶԷץȥ
Ů˼һУ
һƫӲش˰ߣȻֺҳ䡣
ŮӷԴһ使Ȼһšֻץյٿһ죬ʮָһʮͭԷŮ˺
ȻһУȴ˫ʽȷʤ
ŮȻͷ֮ˣһ򿰳Ƴ뻯˫ͻȻڶεݳһֻӻһգֻ֮Ĳ죬ƫƫ˫˸ա
䷢ʽգŲͳ磬ƣѳ⡣ӻûվһƬԷӣ콵㵱ͷѹ
Ųһ
ԷŮЮŴɷ䣬Ͼ֮ʾŴŮ֮տ
һ֣ת˲ѶԲ߰С
Ȼ˵ȻӴһš
Ů³ʩչһСŮͶ󡱣á˿󡱵һУȥš֡
ʽʵʽȻ淭Ůת
߳һٿһƣһƾۼȫһɽ֮С
ԷŮȷûӭƣݳؿƮһƥӰƮ
Ʒ״ﰵһŲѳֵľջأȴһ
ֻŮһЦˣ
ǰӰէȻһǰȻֳ˶Էǰһǽμǰֻһ˫ͷѸԷʮָץУһʹ·ǶҪΪԷץ飬ɲסһ
ֻһɲżһɣۿŶԷͻѰҡ
ˣڣ漴ƮƮƮ
һ£ƺȻ뵽ô£ֻһȣ޲иطԼȥ
ŮЦһӣ㻹ôƵģ
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ܺãǿȣŮ˵Ǿ͸߰ɣ
޿κεصģҼȻӦ㣬Ȼȥ
Ůһӵʲô
ЦģҲܵģֻһ¼Ҫ죬ϾͿɸȥ
Ů˵ʲô£
Ҫɱˣ
Ů̾ˣ֪佫
ֵصô֪
Ů۾΢΢
עˣʲôң漴ͷðɣȻô˵Ҿ͸ʱ䣬֮ԻѰǡ˵ͷ漴ǹһ㣬˲ϢʧӰ
һ뵽˵ЩʲôȴʧӰƽ޹˶ԼһòɥȻתһ룬תزֵžۣıԲߣҲʧ֪Ǹôţ漴̤ŵ¹⣬·ǰ
һҲ֪ǰжԶȻǰӰһԼ
Ǿ֮񣬼״ŵæԺˡ
ȴǰӰһЦ£ң׵ϣֻϢ٣Ǹ˰ʮ·Ƶġ
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׵ϵ͸еаŶǱ̸߱
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׵ϰһ۵˵أûбȽϸˡ
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׵ϵǱ£ҵȻˣȥһѣǰȴһðʧҲţֱڲŰ
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׵ϵƽһˣһ书߲ɲ⡣˵һ£̾ϢһҿҲûʲô⣬Ҫֲֻʲôá
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Ǹеģ׵Ǹˣܴˡ
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׵ϼ˵ʵô£ôúõػǴģ
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׵ϵԭһġ
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Ȼ׵һЦǺͿȻû뵽ԭ
ʱҲȻˣ˵Ů˾ǲֵλ֮һǸ硭һʱλշĵ֡
ǣ׵ΪȥǸճĸͷǸ׺׸벻ֵλȻȫˡ
һ૵ֲǱô󡭡
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ѶԷ֮ߣǲЦһҲá
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׵΢Ц˭
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׵һ£ûпȻЦһվǰ˵ˡ
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׵һЦΪĺ˫ôߺߣȻ֪òȴ֪ȥһ˲ֵұˣһ㻹ء
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׵ϺȻɴ۾ӾҪ̬
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ƫƫûо쵽˵ȥ˵ʱڲֵλսһˣŲߡ
ߺߣô׵϶ü˫ص纣еÿλ絹Ƕ޻̸ģ
Ȼ˶Էԣ̧ͷȥýӴԷ˫۾鲻Խʹ˸һʱȻ
׵ЦһԲʵڲ֪ǡ΢΢һ٣ǿѹŭݵȻǸ籾ôȻǱ̫Զˣ㣬ɱǿˡ
벻ȻԼ˵ֻһʱ⣬治֪Ҫôشźá
׵ϿЦһȻһ½ŵ
һʱ󾪣һ˵Ͻ㡣
׵Ź֣˵߾ߣⲽ
׷ȥסǸʲôҡ˵ʲô
׵Цһݺ˦֣˵ټͷҲصˡ
һ㶵վǰ˺һӴȻ׷ȥʧȥ׵ϵӰûɵһա
طԺһƵغһ裬ڴϣȴңҲ˯žԽԽζȻſͷʹһ
ѾˣŲ˯ţûжȴֱջѡ
仺ӵ뵽׵ϵĸ뿪ĲǸζȻһиҹߣѵҪˣ
Ǹң׵ԭڴ࣬ȵæȥʱȻǲˡ
һʹһ˯ʱΪ֮ʧ˸ɾô£
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ĪǱ͵ˣͷʹʱΪ֮һ
Ȼתһ룬ƺֲԣǱ룬Եֻ͵׵ϵĶԼĶȴ˿δȱ
쿴һԼĶϸһ٣ʧĽ׵ϵһҡ
ˣȻһֻˡôţæǰȥ쿴Ȼڣ˽һͷȴϱһؼ㡣ˡ
ֽȻ׵ϵ֡
ã֮뿪ʵǵ֮࣬أڣ¿Ͻ㡱֡Ȼ׵
俴鷢һ㣬ЦЦ漴ż
һﵹǳѰ򶨣ҲãҷҲҪȥֵԼԼˣò۱ˡ
´ҴҴѣȥҳǸȥתһ룬ԥˣΪҹһ֣ϸӱ𾪣ȻΪϽԼƴ֮ģȴδܼõǣҪһıԲߵĺá˼ţ漴⡣
ջǰһݣӪ⣬˵ʳ봨ƣձ֮⣬ٷ׸⡢黨ӡԶܣ࣬˽˸ϲνġ󡱣˴һ߳Ա̸ּˡ
ѾװһͨСҹԲǰ֮עĿ
ݵطȴҲˣҪһСȷǲ׵£ֳҲعھһСֻһˣ漴һλϡ
ԭи̫̫һϱһСǴպһҲ㼷
Ҫһ붹ԣһٷŴ׷ոкһ裬۹ɨط˶ˣʹ׼ĻȻ̵˶
۾һĸһʽİӣڸϡ
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һŨرؿĺӴ󺺵й˵ģûҪȻǰѾͷɡ
һţô˵ܿҹЩ˶ֳˣ⵹ɵúܣԼ޴̽ϸ䣬ѵ϶⵹Ҫϸ˵Щʲôˡ
ǸӴ󺺻һŨüĿʼЦӪѾ˻ô
仰һڣ˾㶼Ц
䲻΢΢һ죬ݺݵ˵ȱµһۣǸӴ󺺺ٺһЦֻ»û޸˵Ѿͷһһĺɫֻֻܿȴܳԡ
һͺüϲεʣΪʲô
⻰ɾˣӴ󺺵˼ҺòûǸ֣ǼҲֲҵͷϡû˵ô´úأҪȻᱻųӣ
ͺüӵʦүҲСˣһǲһβ֪ܶ㵽
֪һţԷ̸Ǹʦүָġ佫Щ˵֣˵㶼ǳµְԱˣǸӴ󺺱ΪǡӪܿǸӪ١
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Ӵ󺺺һһҹû˯ûʲôֵ˿Ĳˡ
ͺüӵ;ڣͺüˣһ쵹ҲνʱˣеԲ
Ӻӵİ취˭ǽ촩£ˡ
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һŶԣţԭÿţⷬƣЩ˸ųĲڣּڰбƽôţ䰵⼸ע˼ۣȻǶдбС
⴦ǰһǰؾ֮أ뵽ܿ;ڴˣµ˲ŻǰСꡣ
һʹʱΪ֮벻׵ϸðǰһ̽ĽĿõջΪǡ̤Ьٴѹ򡱡һ뵽ĳݿǰֱͲסļ
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ͺüӵ㣬˵ӲǽǸǹһ첲ӪǧҪ⣬ǧҪӲϣǽӪĶԸܰѾͷʰˡ
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ˣղϵļλүֳֺȣȴһëҲûи˵дϣô£
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Ϊʲôأǲƽ
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ѰҲھţȴС˵Щʲô
ԭȳԷϴ̫ǸϱСѳ뿪˵ȽϷ㡣
СƱ仰һȻЦͲˣ㵱ղǼλүͨϰաׯں𣿡
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СһĨӣһӴûиôƯŮ˵ֵӶˡ
Ͳ֪ˣ˵ʱͷսˣһ춼찤ϡ
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ʲô٣ôס
⡭ҾͲ֪ˡСƵÿˣҪСЪųԷ
˵ֻơһ£ĺԴһӣС۵áࡡ

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СͷԲֻѼۣҪٸҺ˵˵ҰƤ
СƱͷһƵˡ
Ծζ
һձͷɡëëꡣ
䱾߹ȥˣʱ˻һֽɡ쿴һ±ϵĳһֳͲ档
  
ǻҝʵɫ
ȻһԤУýһܼųӣ٣ĺùҪǱԼˣǵɱɡ
ɡﾡǸּ룬֮ݣһȺѻͷɹȥһƬȅ˾ɥĽ
ˣׯںӣ϶ӣߺѵñˮʪũǶţæŸط
ţͿһЩá·ƺÿԶһıЩȻϴſһûʲôǾһģｽĵͣӲ۾
ǰһżһȺ±ꡣ
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һۣҪȻӴԷЦֳ΢Ц
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ʱǸסˣһ˼ң߰ɡ
˶˵ĶԴ𣬽һ·У¶Էָ⣬ҪԼ
һ̣ȻмӵĺӣԶԶһ·վš
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뵽˳Ȼǳɴ˾໤ض࣬һ鶨Ϊ١
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ͻȻµѹǰֻ˻׳ƥ׷ǰ㣬һδȴҲѴΪ֮𶯲ѣʯƶ˵ľѼ
伿ֺֹˣ
ŵһ֮󣬵ڶáΪٽʽڵأһʱ䱬˷߳ڶ
ڱ۵ĺһ裬ʱ;ǰã಻ܡ
һ֣;ֹһ߳紩ư׺ףಡһӶԷﶥϣӴꡱһѾѳſ˳һǡ
ʱһٿرһ
䷽ϳҵ֮һϵһ絶§ͷǶֱͷк
һ֣Ѿ֮⣬Ҳ͸ĺ顣
Է絶Ҳ㣬нӭŶԷţؿȥ
ݿһ棬ʵȴΪݶ֮ѧΪʽɱ֮һһɽ׺ݴȫȻΣιУȴһ˲䣬ƵȻ
Ծϵʿʵ书ʮ־տǷǹİʿ֮һۣȻпɹۣζԷһʹҪɱţһɽʽַ졣
ʿֻöԷ֮ҫһƬ⣬ɭɭ뷢һ㣬ﻹü
˵ĽȶԷĵǹ˰벽ѣȻ󷢾ȵĽƶ˵ķǱѰ
ʿһҽԼŰǻرһһҲûкߣһͷֱų
һ֣¸ٻǰһ̽ʩȫųȥһ죬ȳʱ˸顣
ʱһƬ
͸ĳ䷢Ǹٵ佫һٴȻӳȻߡ
ӶȻǰⷬŵɫ԰ףǵĿӴһΪ֮ɢ
Ŀŭ߳һ޳ܵļ
ڣһŴֱϴ
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ĽѾ˳ϵһ˲䣬ͿбȻһॣһʱĽ
ڳ⻹Ҫһ֮ϸӻǲס
һ۷³ʩչȫţһӰμ䣬жǰҡ
һΰ׳ĺӣֻ˸Ǵһһֱ
ͬʱһ˫յĺȴɲ˫ɼ磬湥
˫˫һʱˣ޿κΣֻʱ˿ֳ
ȻʵڷŲ³ĳϸӣǰַڷɵ
ɵڶ֮䣬ȴҲʮֵ׼ͷƼд߰׹⣬ֱϸ䵽
һһʱ㣬ֱץȥ֪ķһץ֮£ʱһĿӣѪʱͷ佫ȻþӸλʧȴ˵ĵʱϸˣŻȥ 







 

  
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һ泣ϱҲúãէɵŲÿȴʧ֮ڶ̫ۣһֱԷǿССɵ˼ѣûʹȫ
Ȼ֣ȴδܽԷɱһԹƫƫ總֮һʱǲס
ֳôһ֣ʱƴңźУʮʿʱԾӵ
һݣһҪԷһƴסһ֣ʩչȫʵнƾ׺֮˲Ϣ֮Ϊ˶ˡ
֣ܣųڵĳϸӣ߳ҪûǹԸ
ϸʿ´Ҵ뿪Ļ뿪
һۿ󼱣ֻȴսᣬΪһɱ˶ˣȴǰѲףۿų˸ӱƥڻڶ֮£
Ϳһ߳һӰǻ׹ֱɵһøɵ¡
˺ÿһ£漴ӥ֮ϮϸߣȻץס˳죬ּѰ˳ȥ
һִˤ˵滹ۿųټ壬֮䣬ҲƵرˤ˳ȥ
ǰ˾򶷣һ˫۾ʼû뿪ϸ복Ҫ֮ʣۿŲ֪֮벻ȴΣһ˲䣬·ɱôһȫԼ⡣
ȻǸַÿ죬һץסˤŵڶѾץ֮ӳϡ
ͨ۹ֻǴһӰΨһԶ϶ģԷǸŮˡ
ŮȻо˵Ŀ֮ʽֵúܣҪץ˭ǸôҲӲ
ǰһץϣϾȻ޷㿪һץ˱ϣָѸֹ볣ϱģȻȡڽֻҪЩǸץΪϾ͵õʱȻȴҲĲϡ
ƣӸһҲƵ˳ȥ
һһˤǡǡþ߲Զ
䵽ΪֹûпԷ֮ӰԷվԼһ棬һȴǺʣԳϸӣȴ׿ԼǰΪʲôȻ⣬һɲǼ䣬ʹõ˻شԭԷ֪ԼԳϸӵĿ̹ǳޣصذѳϸԼҪԼԼ֮һʱΪ֮Ѫڡ
ѵõһᣬ½߳һӻԾ𣬵ӥ֮ȷǳ⣬֮˵˳
дһ٣ôҲ벻ĨȻѾͷϡʿڴҪĹͷȴһҲ
һۣһһϡ
ڳӷһǰʽһƵл˲٣ˣȴҲܲ𣬡ѽһһͷԵϣһʱΪɳʯƤѪ
ϾϰҪͷҲֻƴԾ֮һ;ϼȿڵһµس鵶֣ػһ
һʩȫȴǲֵһЦֻһסµĵ档
һ˼£δܰѵ£ôˡġЩˣ
ĵһɣһԴз˳ȥͿһݹӰźŴ
һнֶһȻľ֮һһ֣һĿİ׹⣬ֻ꣡һгǰأڳ־ֱͣ˸ǰ͸
λ佫﷢ɳƵһ˻Уһǰˣ͵ٶˡ
һٵݣǰԳϰ˳Ҫͷȥ׷ϳ֮ӳʱӰĸ˰Χס
ֻΪһ׳ߴĺڴµɱˣǧܷˡﴫһ֮
佫Ȼһͨ£ʱи˾㶼Ϊ֮𾪡
֮ӳϣʱէױŵ˫ķ̽ȴŴҴƥתУͿʱǸһֵŮɱֻԿն
ԭղŮ˴Ҵһ֣˳ϸ漴ȴڳӵһ˲䣬ֺԿնñӡһ죬ϸӰֱֱɿ׹ƫе˳ϵ֮ǰ
ŮͻȻƣƥΪܾ֮ţ˻У׷ϵһʱޱ㶼۷
Ǿ֮ʱɵһµӭŮݵһһ˫۾һɫ£Ϥǹ׵϶κһˣʵİúܡ
ȻŮȴӲ۲۵ĹʹߡҪɷǡ
Ů˷ŵǲǹУԳէȻǰ˸ɢ´һȡ
ߵλʿէȻ״㶼ܲŶԷǸ¸ȥ
һô󻷵һǻβڹһк֮ͬʱŶԷȥ
ϰһطִӡ
Ҳ벻ԷŮ˸֮죬֮ǹҪ࣬ĵ˫˫µһɲǣǸŮһ˫ٿһһէϣеʿʱǱϵѨһҲؽֳ
Ů˺ÿ֣һʽֻ˫˫˶˵Ѩȴ˶ԻͿ𣬻һ䣬һӭ˳ϵǰ
һѽһУֱŮͷ
ڽۿѾжԷϣǸŮٿֻһסڽĽһžһһΪ
ŶԷһֻ֣͵ǰһݣۡһѰѳϵץ˸ʵ𴦣䣬˵սֳֻһЦٿذϵĳ׳ͨһֱǰ
ţټһˤʱҲƵؽһϲǰһ£ۣһǰأ
ʱΧΧʮ׷״ϣȴһˡ
ͿǰӰһǸݳŮ˼ˡǰ
䷽ϳǰ˵ķǣһ
ߣô
˵䣬˫ͬʱӶһˣٿذһֻľ֮Ѱڵߴ֮ۡϱ򣬲ܵʱ֮¡Ҳʩչһ׳ṦȻǿôϡ
ӷ̤һɣδվظ죡ţһתһô
䲻˼ظӷݳһֻá¡һ죬ƬɰӶǰĴƬ֦Ҷɢɵ춼ǡ
ǶԷѷ˻ǹ
侪֮£಻λֵŮмʱԮʾԼʹܹɱ˳ϸӣֻҲڵ˻ǹ֮ɥʧ
һ֮ˣԼҼΪң£ﻹҶͣ
һʱ䣬ֻǰںٵӰһ㣬ٿٿȺ֮䡣»ǹţɰӶңζԷŮʵ̫ˣµĻǹһۿŶŮıӰһ·ɣٿٿ֮⣬ת˲١
һɳ֮ǰеķǺȻһɽ֮ǰԺƬ̣䷽˽ǰȴشһƬ
СŮӲ֪ߵغ񣬺ߺߣǴЦҪҾ㣬ҿǵ˳𣬿ٶҲˡ
ԭĴм֮˵ϼлĻʱôһ˵Ҫǿʤ֮ģһۣһԲ
˵ôˣ㻹ô
ʲô÷ģЦȻҸСæĿĻϣһزֵȥߣǲֵļҲף
ٿһüøѾͷƬӣڣؾһƵߣһϴȥ
һƾ㣬ۿѽϣƫƫ侹ǲ㣬ǵѽȻȴʱͣס
ϺһƬЦ¡
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صѾˣô
ǺһӦüסӽǲֵķ²ɲǲֵĿˡ˵΢΢һЦֽŵֵϵĹغܶ࣬һ㵽Ժ֪ˡ
һ¼ҾͲŲֵʲô˲ܽȥܳʱҪ˭赲ס
ȻһΣǰ䲻⣬ŵȻһֻ˫һ飬ٿԷʱȴ˳⡣
ֻ˫ȹؽڴһһһ
㡭ʲô
˵ʱҡţֻȫһҪ
ߺߣѾͷǲֵĹأǽŵҪȥֵģⲻ˵ġ
ʱֻһӷɲסϥһ䣬ͨ
ʱ򻺻߽ЦòŵģֻһַѨѣһܸԭһϵҲûУ
ҧϥʵįiȼŭЦΪʲôҪô
ǵΪʲôܴһҲˣˣ㣡˵һΣѰһô
һټصŭ𣬶Ӱһڷɵ
ССɵһּһ׹ֱϮǺԡۿżһɲǣǻһתָ棬ƾ죬ֻһѽǿҶзɵϣ䣬һ·ɶš
使߳һԾȥסӷԾȴһᣬ鲻Խһõùңһʱֻʹᶼ
һҰݵ಻ܣγҿһ󡣺Ȼһᣬſڵ鲻ԽؿһֱҪǿˣ벻һĲشΪǰֵȻĸ׵ܼܵиˣȴû뵽ֶ˶
ƺʩչַԼ˫ȷˣ˲зϣ֮£
뵽޴޲ܵʱὣһˡ
һĵȻǰ΢Ϯľ飬ʱ֪ǰȻһŲ̧ͷĿӴһϮг£һƥôƽ⻪
ɲסȻһΪϮϤôĿѽӴϤŵ
ޡ㡭֡
ڼ̫ͻȻʹſڲ֪ԣ⼸˵͵ֻԼ
վǰǺգ˫۾ϸش
ޡ֣ôˣ
һˡ
㡭ץסһСվӲվһ룬鲻Խ
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ߣ˵йĻץ˵ʱյݳĽһʵĽ
ץס˽ʣֻýϺһȴҲûģһþվ
Ϸǲǣ
ԵúܵͳȴڲסĹػꡣֵǣȴ˵ůѾܾˡ
ᣡһ˵һһΣࡣһһҿͨץסĽʴסҡҡ׹ӡ
ҪģֻҪץס˵ģҴһ£۾϶ǰ治ԶǸɽСߣǵ˵ȥ
ίص˵ͷһսڽǰС
۾һۣ૵صǷǣֵϵǸǣ
յͷ֪Ҷˡ
㿴ˣ
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ĿӴ䲻֪ô£ֻеȣһطţ·С˵ݵһͷС¹Ƶġָоǰûиоģæͷ
ںڽĽ£ûеһһǳߵɽǰɽСÿŰţǳûԵʣϽ
Ŷ㲽̤ŵȻس֪ǵںվտڹﲻΪ֮۷
ֻһССȥɽ⣬ĿմֻǺСһط
һľƵ񰸣ŵݣ֪ηҹޡ
յȵһ£漴ѹϵĵɾŷ
мصͷлл㣬˷ǵİ㣬˫ȿѾзˡ
ڰɣòŵģ
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յ˵佫ӱ̵ϢŴҴҸʱͲ뵽Ϊ·д̣ߡĵҲ̫ˣһ˵ʱֻѻѨϡ
ʱͨ˫ƣһ壬漴ҲƵ˳Ŵϸȥһ鲻ԽŤһӡ
ʩһ㵽΢΢һ٣漴ȥ
ʱǶʱΪԶûпһµʱô£
ҡҡͷҲֵ֪úܣʵ书Ҹߵö࣬ʱɱңֺαس²ߣֻǵҵһ˫Ѩһ߲ˡ˵Ǻ˫ʩʹӳ鶯һ£һ
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ֻͨԷ˫Ȼ;סǵطȻʹڣһʱֻʹûʧɫѡ
һЦջ˫ƣֻ˫ü΢˼ʲô
ʹʧô֪ô£
յͷá̫ʮѨַնúܣģΣա
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յֻҪ˹Ϣ֮ʹȫʧһһղһǱ֮⵹һͷʹ顣
һͷ
յǷͷһּôһ㲻òڲˡߣȻײҾƫԸ
һϲѵ֪ȵķ
տһ۵ҲǻԵɣ⼸Ϊ˴ͨϸؽڣòǿϰ̫߳ɵĻǶԷ̫ΨһǣأֵϹҲ벻ġ
ǸˣߺտЩʩչַȡ
վչһӵðɣҵȥ㲻˹Ϣһµȵʹʧ֮Ҳǲ˵վǱ
ֻΪԱܿҪԼݵϢ¿½ϥ˹Ϣ
Сյ֮ȫȺ£֪˵ȻûԼ°ദѨžѱһסȻ˹ϢͨѨܴ򿪡
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ɽǲ㣬ֻɺŲѰһƧһ㡣ֻų֮ȺһƬǺ졣
зСʱȻ
ɫ΢죬ԼĶȥˣŮݡ
ǳصɾúһЩˣ
ͷöˣ
յԹϢ
ͷԹˣ˵òȷʵкܶѨסˡ
յɾøʹҪޣ
һۣʲô֪ɫ΢صһͷ
յͶˣʱע⵽ųĻͬѪ飬ǱС̫֤ҲſԷҽΡ
ܾؿһۣԴ󷽵صͷ񣬶˵ˣ
㰸ȡһ㣬ȼţ¯֮С
ֵصʲô
յʩչʱ˲֮⣬Ҫǲܼ磬ʹһЩ΢ҲҪ⣬㲻ȼҪ֪򡣡
עȼʱȽȽİƫһߣվȥ˴żưһ졣
յͷڿˡ
ֵصҪôأ
յ̫̫͸ĸӦԷϣֻҪĿԣרһ£Ҽɽ֮ڰѨϵĴ⡣
֣书Ĺ㣬ֻԷ˵ƾ˴עĿɽ͵淽ȴǰδţΪ졣
ʱһϥţֻ۾ȻȻضһ顣
̣͸оͨյ˫۾ȵľ
뵽˺ողŵĹգæñ
ôһȻЧʱֻͨ˫ͫͽȵСҲƵ˳ֱ£òƬʱ䣬Ѿۼڣһʱȣ̼ѹ᳹£ֱͲס
ʱȫעⲻȻ֮䣬⴫һɭЦ
Ȼֻǰڶ˶֮УȴƻӴظ֮С並һ֮£ɲסҡһ£һʱֻñʹʧɫʧȻϾ֪˾ٹϵųɰȻ£Ҳ΢⣬һʱҧأʹԳۣȴ״㡣
Ŀ˲Ҳ˲ض䣬˵Ҫҵģǧ򲻿ɷ񡣡
伱֪һԼ̫Ҫֻǿ򶨡
ȴ⴫һһŮĿ
е˵ֵܣвƴҷһ˳Զʳ·ŪˣԼ̣̫ˡ
Ů˵ߣǷһֱΪˣһɸɵ̫Ưˡ
е˵ɱһӺϹ£Ҳ֪ˣߺߣֶζúܣǷ򸾸ϰٱֹ
ŮЦҪǲ˵ȥҲܼ򵥣ֻҪѶóˣֻҪҪ̣ǿ롣
һһŮ˵˫Ƶһһȴصųһ亹
˺յ̱ϢסйֻҪɢ޷
ͷ̱ԪһйȻΪ͡
յ
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Ҳסһ䣬Ȼһ죬ŵľŻش󳨿䳨ȴӰ
֮󣬲żӰ˫˫ֳһ˫Ůеʮ£˹ģаҵ룬฾ɫֻƾòκҲΪʿȴ벻Ȼɱ˲գ۵ĺڵǡ˲òࡱ߶˹Ȼ½ںµ׾ʿͯ򸾡
򸾶ˣ°֮࣬ٴȻʾм֡޿ֻ֡ǡߺΡȴȻмַѽˡ
  
ͯϷէȻſڣҲȫȻȻǹҲǳһ򸾶鲻ԽػԿһۡ
ͯޡܽؽĪ϶Цݡ
ֻϸü΢촽Ʋ¶ȿϬݣ΢Цࡣ벻벻ѽ
ͯǺһЦֵܣ洫˵⡮Ժ顯Ǽٵģ֪λʲôˣܹõһյĴ࣬ǲѽ
ⷬУʱΪ̲סĿתƣͯϷ򸾿ȥ
յǣѽ̫ܵض壬ֻסй޺
ԭͷʾֻ֪ǰǿڲ࣬ʾ
ִԭɱĿϢôһ˱䱸
΢΢һ٣ֽȥװԭֻΪ֮ʣܷ񣬱ػʱɳ䲻֮һôһ׶Ըˡ
գһ۾ʾ⣬ĿֱŶԷת
ͯϷ֮ѿǰΣڴΪ˷ܣֻΪԷҪͷԼ
ԭ򸾶Դӱձˣֵıͼ֧֮󣬱ƾںյƣٶͼʵȴһģ˻زüǱء
֪óȻٴγֻ֣ڰβ治ȥʹڰУǷ಻˿⣬ΪϷȵϹ롰һȺŲΪԾŭ
ͯϷ򸾲֪ɱ˵ǲֵİ׺׸ȴֱ϶ǺΪֻΪԼ˶ԷĴ󵱣ŭ纣ʵڹվóȻ֡
ֱսɽС򸾶ԶԶһΪ᲻ϧ
ԭͯϷϰš֮书֮󷨼֣ʱ⣬ձġž̺󷨡ɽСⲼ
ԭΪչڶ֣ʹֻ֣¿ַУԲͯ淢ЦֻѺճôһ򸾶ϳ֣֮ԸԳͼƽЦ֮ں޶Ŷˣ̽
һ֮£ʹöĻŭţĴȥͯϷԷǷ֮һ֮£֪ñڹԷǸڣ䲻֪ԷǸμȴɲ֪Ʋᡣ޾ڹ֣Ȼ֪һأһҪ˵Լ򸾳ֹֻ˵Դʧһأγȫ̱зϡ
ϵոǺεȾϸ֮ˣǰΣܿԺڳͯϷЦ֮ʣѲ֪򸾵ʱȴǳԾС
ͯЦ֮ն֣߱У򲻿롣ͯϷ򸾶飬֮Ⱥòڲ鿴ôһи˺մݷĻᣬֻȻ԰ѵģͯϷ򸾳֮̽£룬Ϊǵüơ
򸾷̽ѯش𣬸Ϊϲ
ͯһЦߣⷬЦΪԣּҶԷ
յȻ˼üͷ΢壬ֳʹģ
ͯϸ֮£ǴΪüƣЦһ٣ֳ˿̬΢վպģ벻Ҳͯĳеһ죬Ը
ȻĿ˲Ҳ˲עţһⲻģ
ͯһЦǲ򿪴˵ǰϵӦñһҪֻҪͯĳһ֣׼ʹ֮أҹȥٻеķϣͯ治мôǻ˵ǿɾͿɲɴˡ
ȻǿҲһۣһ޶Եı顣
ǰӰͯޡܽؽĪǰصֺαظ˵ôϰѶȥҪô³ʲôö˵ģ
ͯһͷգˣǾĲرͼҪˣ㻹ǹԹóɡ
ܽؽĪһüë߳ȵ˵Ǿˣ
ͯٺһЦֻĻشĻҲǲˣ㣬ҲֻԼһˡ
˵ʱ۽ߣ̽硣
ձһ˿ԭȻַԷȴ뵽ΪʵʱȻ̲
ͯһ˫ƴڶԷͷϣۼԷľˣΪǴɳΪò⣡
ЦһںߵԲͯĳˡһ˵ʱֻҲźպ󱳣̶ߣϸҡ
һ䣬Ȼоյ죬룬յһֻطֱǰĶ
һΪʵͯĻᣬͯĸдֱ緭֮ơ
һ֮ˣͯŵɫұ䣬ﻹ˵óַͦ㣬˵ÿ죬纣һø죬޴Ժշ۵ָһ̣ѵһġǬԪơ
һƸʮ㾢ؿͯǰģһͭƤǣҲܲ𣬷ǵõɣ㺣ĴδʩȫȴҲδģһ³Լ߳ɾ
ۿͯӣһβԾҲƵطһ㵯߰˳߸ߣȫݶײ
ͯһתȥһ̵պ˿СסˣȴصƣۡһһѪ
ã˵֣ɲס˵ڶѪһͦȴ֮ѼʸҲƵص˳ȥ
ܽؽĪһֱҲ벻վڴҪͷˡۿɷڶԷ֮ˣһʱĵ㺮һسݳΪһ磬ֱźϾ˹ȥ
Ȼּˣһӻ𣬶ŶۿŴһַֻɸɣ
ܽؽĪ˲˳֣ŲȥסٿǰӰէ۽ߡ
Īһŭ߳нʩźյؾʹ̡
ƷֻһнѳԶԷָס˽⡣ͬʱǰâէ£һֻϵһڽѱͯĺϡ
һ˫УȷʩչֿɣͯϷĴȴҲ޷ܿ
Īһгѿۿɷգŵʧ룬һʱ˵
ʱֻ뽣ǰһƣͯ޻Ҳһ˫ŵľżá
Ŀ⾼رǰˡ
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֪ǻ̫ΣգֻҪͷҲͲղܵˡ
˵ʱϼ棬ѻ˳
⡭һƺģ૵صǣѽƵأܲɱ˰ɣ
һԲؿһۣȻԼƽʱαƵһȻٹ̵ֲģλƽسĸĵӣȻ俴ԼĿ֮ЩӦ
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νѾͷȻָˡ΢΢һ٣ȥǲְˣ˵ӽְ֮йݣһ紵ݶߺߣһô
һʱһŲְֻ֮ĵУ벻Ȼ˶ԷˣйزְλȻҲţƽձ֮ΩֲҪɱµˣӣǻˡ
һȻһ书ƽֻիݷȷǵСúܣһ䣬ֻŵһһ󣬲֪Ǻá
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һǰ岽һ˫۾ɵִԲޱȾԻؿ棬ڵѪ֮䡣
ⷬ龰ֻѴһŮᾪ˸ɢɱ
һЦ߹ȥϲ˽ɮϲ˲漴תϵɡ
  
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ɳŰҲǲӣΪ顱ʵȫԲģ״˿֮ΣöԷ
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ŵӷ𣬡Ŀת˵ʩȫ
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ԣǰķڸ˶Էһʾ˼ҪúúһԼһԼߣߡս˵ǰδе裬ԭǰ;ۿŷǰߡ
ǰһ˵Ҳ;̻ɫֻɫһӷ𡣡
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Ѿȥֵ䵹ǲĶ⣬ȷʵˣγûĽ׵ĳ嶯ֻ󣬿ɲӣεذȻ·
ְִ˵ϴĶˣԼ֪ܹŽȥֻųƺֻˣһǶֺգһ½ŽʶǸյĹˡǵطȻΪֻܽܳ޵ǰµĵطԼȴƫƫҪ洳Ҳ޿κΡ
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bŴ׷ϸ꣬һĵĹ¡ٷ٣߷á

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ͩǰһƲӿнٿؾһ׹⣬ֱȡסһнƵϼȺֶֻΪ˲ϱ֣벻ΪԼɱʱﻹü
þΣһ˲䣬ֻáһС죬һöССǮİɲɳƫеûڸ֮ͩϡ
ҪСССһöǮ˵ǾѼͩôҵĽƣȻڴһ֮µһһӰ˼Ʈӣǰֳ
ֻ֣һס˸ͩĽ档
ǾҪͩһһסԷ棬йٱѷɿֱͩüļ˹ȥ
ͩЦţٿƱйٱ˹ȥ
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һӰԿնֳźɫ£ɢķ
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һ˴Ȼܳе̩ɽѹӣʹòתء
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һ߳ĺ󱳣һͣѰƵһ
˵ȻҲյ˼㡣ӷЮ֮ԿжȻֱ
ŷǵ䣬һƹ⣬ֱ˵ȶȥʵǰγһƬ⺣˷ĵƹ⣬ڷվ֮ȫϼй
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һ˫⻪¶۾˱ţͬʱϵһ£ܼĵƹ̼Ϩһ룬ֻʣĵ⣬ֱĸͬĽ䣬š
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˵ɣ㵽˭Ŀתţǰô
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һЦãǾô˵ˣ絺аɡ
Цһٸһ֣Ҫ˵ȻҲңƵˣ;֪УֻҪкһһɶһ档
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ʵϷʱʱ̶̿߶ţ˫ĴʤָΪܣһУ˻֮С
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һ̱ӣ֮󣬷ƺҲѶŭҪѶԷ֪ߵغ
ֻһ֮òϣԷֱǰƵĻҪöࡣΪ͸ܷŹ˶Էһַס˶Էֻһáֱַֻ˺ĵ˹
ҪСһʽ͸Ǽָ˱Ѩָ֮УԷָ֮Ҫ˵ıУֻɨһЩҲֻµʱҪѨ
˵գȻ֮

һ߳ڣط˹ȫתּһƻ
˫ּѾӴһɲǣٿһţЦУذοն
ʱвӦ˵ǿҵƹ⣬ȴ֪һԼؽҪҪͷǰð涫ȴԭƬ̣һɿ
յ˼㣬һɲǣӥðֱ
Ϊмȣ˫Ŀӵ֮ˣӿ˶ԷƵһʽɱţȴסһ亹һֻ֣ĺ󱳻ȥһӣżҲһѪۡ
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Ȼڷŵ裬дΪߺޣ״ϷŹһɲ㴦ƮϮ˹ȥ̽¶ơһֱǱץȥ
һǰģ͵תֻơۡһͿսһһ˫ֻ֡ۡһӣȴ絯ɰػص˿һӥɣһù˫˫߷ֿ
ȻֻһνǰĶݻϢӰȻԺϵһ飬̿գӰһ˲ѶԲʮС
أһХٿذֱ𣬽սһ֮ơĽƣһǣѱնŵƮ䡣
ٴηһ߳ٿһۣͷ½֮ƣǾ߷һըǧ˿ͷǶֱ˵ͷ
һнͬʱҲһըҡһ콣ӰӭŶԷǧ˿ȥӰͬʱԿ׹
Ȼ䣬һκһ飬һ󰡡
շһȴ˸߶ŽϵһĨ⣬ͷ˹ȥɿ⡣
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仰˵ֶֻжԷץסˡ
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ԭΪƾԼָֻϷһЩҲʹëѪѣȴûϵֻɫӸΪ˻ƽܹΪϸѵѰ
ǰ䡰ָһݳһɵӾͿһ׹˳
ṦϳСϸɷơ֮һУνϸءָǰӣ֪ǺεȿϬˡ
һ֮£֪Լǹ˶Էָһеգǰɫؼʡ
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ߵÿͣҲ졣һ緫촬ˮϴ˸ģʱͣס˫Ųɡ
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΢΢һЦʲôأ
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뿪Ȼ򣬷ʱȻֻһˣȴܰѸϸԺһ˼ڻͨԺ׵ͨʯףһﳤȥ
  
ֵʮһ΢ƣ޲ǧپ仯ǧڸԶɣһİ粻ָ㣬ʹͨһҲ룬ۼ漰ˡ
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ʵ֮ԸӺգаǰһ֮Уһǳڱյľ飬һȴȫԺյĳ档ڴ˵УԼҲһͼȾָأȴѹһȤҲûˡ
һ̹ˣһУҲܱһҵĿ͹ۣǾҪúõظźգһ춯صٶֲĿݡ 







 

  
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ڵúܿ죬̵ܶʱɵҹɫ
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ҹɫʣԿԷȫòȴҲܿһţ˺ùֵһŹ棬ɴһӥ棬һ·ʣʰ쵡һʽӥá˵άάФһ㡣ֻȭȡء̽硢ɷһֻ˶ӥ
̽һֻƣ·ȫڶԷ֮СһɲסʹΪ֮һ亹ʱ˿ȴһƴֱûת֮ء
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Цʲôɩÿͣ⣩ʮǰˣﲻůȵģŮѽ˵Ҫ˵ˣ
ԭһ޶ƣԺͺϰ״ྶͥ˵˶̾Ϣ
ӽЩţ࣬¯ϵˮҲˡ
ǸŮ¶۵һֻۣݲ裬ʲһ˫Ĵ۾ֻһεźţ˫Ų裬͵˺ǰЦһЦҪȥѺյѥӡ
ջؽŵллòţ
Ц˰˳ǿˣϾ̺ɣ
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ЦЦû⣬ҪԼԸˣ
˵ţ漴תǸŮˣòػ˵һ顣
ǸЦӯӯȻأתһۣٿر㬵תȥˣǸ޲ӡણһ
㶼Ц
ôǺЦŵҾ֪Ҫǻλѣˣ
ˣˣˣ
Цţɻͳ̣Żˡ
λȲ裬̴̰۾źյλѹգ
΢΢һЦǸӣʧʧ
һǺЦ˼һڲүӣʸ񣨴ôè
΢΢һЦشĻֻص˵˰컹ûͣ˵Ĵʵ̫³çˣ
ͷүһ˵Ҿ֪ѧʵˣϴ֣ˣҵǲòһˡ
˵Ͱ濿ȥһӣƵƵڶתš
λŶصΣʮ˽ɣ
Ҫ̣չһ֡
˵˵أַǰغأطֻ̫˵˵λǰذɣλ˵˺ͻ˰ɣ
һЦࡣࡣȻȻ
򵥵һ仰ǰأȫĿ֮£
̲סѵҲˣ
ĵҪ˵ˣ֪Ĳʮǲµģ˺ͱأػûмʱ䣬û֮ǰǰأʱ˼ͳƣڵʱܽеÿģ
յͷͣ˱֮һ
ˣڽգȥǺס˵˵ͶλڵһҲܵģ˿˲ƣ߳˼ңò˼ͷˣ
շ˲ƣԵֺãӼѣԽԽ֮࣬Уطͳͷͷʱ⻹һסڡɣӡꡯˣʮ׺ǵţĴˣ˲Ƹ˸˼Ҷǰص˼ͳ֮£
յͷôһ˵Ҿˣʮ̫ųòп
ӣһ̣һ˫۾صӣǺ˺ˣξͲһˣ˰Եúܣһ˿겻ƴĽ͵ˣҵȫ˺͸Եþ⣡
һ΢΢Цأ
ձҲڲһݲΣ֪û취˺ͶԿʹ˲»ؼϣӣǸ˺ҲŲʮׯԺţⶼˣʣطϣ
ЦһߵģҲ̫ˣҲܵˣҪǶ죬̵ظƴˣˡ
΢΢һЦһۣԼĳ嶯ɵЦһһ첻˵ȥ
һԵǺЦϿ˵úɣǲˣ֪λڵ
˵鲻Խվ߹ȥ̽ͷ⿴һ£ջͷ
ϿˣǶǺˣҽŸ˵ǧڱĵط˵
ʲôͦһӣҪ˵ʲôǽӴ˺յ۾漴ʱֹסٺһЦָ˿ѵ˺ô
ࡣǲ֪ࡣɫһɽŵصϿղЩҪ˵κһҰ죬Ų㣬ȿȲɣ
˺һۣ켴룬һڡ
շ²룬΢Цô˵˺µ˳ˣ
ʲô취̯һ֣Ҫȥ
صɷ죬˵Ǹ˰
Ͽˣ
ǱƼˣ̽һͷصһֻŰ죺ӲŸ˳ôеΪôٺ٣ưɣ
һ£ҪȥֻŮ˷һ˵һѲ
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ҪŲߣæվȭƫˣ
˸˸ǷŰѲſڵĵƳϣŶ߳
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һǰǰ˰ʮżһƬĻéᣬ˵Ҳжʮ֮ࡣ
ЩǰһյƣûƵģȴûеŵĵȥٲȻǶһƬׯᣬģС
һЦλÿͳԣȻƲȵˣǼȴҲ٣Ͷģ߲ܣλ
һ˵һָţŵƵģ涼סˣٺ٣ЩǳϿˣסʮˣ
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ЦλȻǸǲһ£ȥɾ
ЦͲҵˣԼд̸ǣ汳ϣ
ͷ͸ˣϽ˸λλԤס죿
뿪˵ߡ
ȴȵ㣬ҲҪһ죬춯Ҳ٣
ôҪߣסлһһ˸λأ
΢΢һЦǱһߵģΪԹĴ澴һ죬пգΪлл
˵ʱһСкԭѰѶ˵лǮ
ǸС˳£ּЯʮֽܵġ˿͡˵˼䳡滰뿪
򿪡දְѴı̿ڱһעأ⣬಻⣬Ƚɾˡ
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յͷšһ
˵ʲôȴԷ˫ϥ죬ֻӰţƽ˶ģ֪Էڹ뻯ʹֵмܸƬ֮ת죬ʱʹ˵ЩʲôҲش
һڣеˡůůı΢˹һ³Ϣ֮硣
Ļֻʣ΢һƹ⣬ʱر΢ġ
治ʱȮ͵ټһмƺֻЩˡ
ڶݵһʱ붨Ժƺȫָ˾ʱֻǰһпΪ˴һ˫ıЬһİĵطȴкܶдȥĵĻ⣬˳Ļǰȥÿ߼ͣһᣬټǰ
֪ʲôʱơ֮ͨһſʵѴﵽĹˣһķΧ֮ڣܷӦȷȼߵʵ
ǰɣֻÿһⶨƬ̣һ£̾ͿжмˣǷѾ˯Ϊһ˯˵ĳϢ˵ĺϢǴвٽһŮ˵ĺϢҲһ̶ȵ
ЩһҲע⵽飬ȴܷӦһ̶ȵʵ
΢ܶЩİߣ˳ʶ˽⡣
ȻЩ˯ĶЩ³ĺӣǿҵκһ֪
ռѾʱȻǰ˽Ų
ȻЩ졣
һյĵշǸ˵֤סޣǺȴȻĺϢ
̰һ˹֮£ڲûкϢ¬ֳϢʵ̫СˣС΢΢ȫעֱԶ϶
ҲǺһ·ʱĽŲѾˣΣֻƾֳϢԶ϶˻û˯
ٴ֮£ȻΪ֮һذ𣬽ӥؼ򸽽һĻϣһϣ漴æֱ̫ˣܹǵָ֮䡣
ںӷ¸Ķ֮䣬źٿΪ֮һӰͬ˳Ǻмȣһʱعǰƽΰ¶Ϊ˷ֲɡ
ҹȻʮֿ˵࣬ȴҲƳһš
һϮ£ݸߵģǺҹܿת˫ӣݼ̡
ﲻȻΪ֮һϸԷˣһɭĳŨüɢںԵĳµǲ뼫·𣬿ǻɫЩں۾Сʶĸоֱŷ˶ԷһϱۣŻȻȷ˵֡
˵ⷬ࣬Ѻޱ˵ֵ֣λ֮һĹһ
һȷ˶ԷֺɲסһѪֱᵤһԾĳ嶯ȴֹô
һֱΪһȻڲֵϣ벻ҪͷȻҲءһ׺׸ѾƵˣ벻ּһδ¹˭ֻδ֪֮
뵽ȻطԷУһùͻȻʹһʱ֪Ӧ
ߣһȻǰô׺׸ǷҲأ
뵽ܲΪ֮ģ
ȻչδʼԷһһֻǰȻʱҲǵط
ЩǣձԸʱ԰ˡ
һһһߵҴ˼ֻۡ΢Ƿ֮أಣһ˳ȥһ֮ƣ⣬һʧںҹ֮䡣
ܵڹһڶݳͬʱ΢΢һӣڿһһµǰһѸٵÿһţȻ롣 







 

  
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ֻȼŶһƹ⣬ȴǹ۲һС
Ǻܼ򵥳裬Ͻ̳һ죬ϵӡۿԷƺ뺣һǲȡ˯ߡ
ϻһƤݱϵһ֮
һǵʩ֣ʱ˿ϾȻǿԳĳ
տһЦȻǶԷһˡ
Լٵַȥ鿴һ¶Է֮ڲʲôʲĵ
Ϳһ˿Ϯ֮ˣǸӦһ˿Ϯʹоͷƫ֮෽һȴƳ£ǽδ֮ʣӰ΢
һ֮£ǲڴ˶˫鰴һ£ʩչһʽϮ¶һʽṦ֣ʩչż
ǰ˶ӰĻһ漴١էֱǲ˼ʵȴÿٵѼһѣʱĻ֮⡣
һ˲䡣
յӷݳһһתصӰʱסӣɾͱס¶вء
ڴͬʱȴһӰڹһγ֮ȵһ䣬һ«ᣬٵӰסӡ
ȻһһṦ֣ʱİţεĳûֱͬ׷ԲءȻаŵɱȴֻеԼˡ
һȥüҲ죬һתأ֮䣬ȻǱסĻ֮ڡ
ռֱеǱ˳ŪĸоǰĹһԲƽϣǸԼŵ󱲣ȴҲԣڹһǱݵͬʱٿŷǸҹ֮˹ȥ
տ׼Ǹ˱ȻԭֻﲻǶֵĵطֻưƳѡ
ȻںӷһµͬʱһӰٿ֮죬侪ˡ˾ȻʩչϸɷơһʽṦ˫һӣꡱ
ǰڳɿ⡣
յû뵽ṦȻ˽ܳһ֣ΪҲԽӵطá
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ǰһƬɽ»ĲݵطԭһطϡǣҰȻ
վƲҪ뿪طȴҲû뿪˼ںһεϮʱٿת
ôҹ˵ʲô㻹Ҫ׷ô
ŮӿŻڣֻԷǸõӰӣһ£һͷ㷢ɢ
ԭװһ˳һʮĹ˼ˡ
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ɺãƺеŮӶݣ겻ҵˣ
վںǰˣ߸ߵĸͷϸϸ֫ӣպεȾӣ벻ҹȻῴۣѸεεĹ˼ҵ˴ˣǻƼˡ
ƫƫӦͻһλ
׵ϡôŶԷʱ·һ»صޱ£ֻ۶˵һĻһҲ˵ˡ
ǰüԶɽ죬۱ȳβ㣬Ǹš顱ᡱּ˵գµӡǲġ
ӷɡ׵ϣйâɵ֣ҲΪĶʱ伣˵ġ
ܴ󣬺䣬ɸߴŵ洵ϮϣǸζ
ͣڷǱסˣסˡ
̾Ϣǳ׵ϴ޵Ҳǲüġ
ѾôˡϴһĨ΢΢ĿЦ̧˫Ǻӣʹʹࡢìܵˣֵһͷذɣˣ
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ݵĳĬʹֻصԭ֡һֱǲ̫Ůǰͷġ
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һüҡҡͷʵҽӴԷ˫ӣˡ
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ԼҲ벻һȻôĿȥԷ
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˵ʲôԼף˵Ļֺαصȵ졣
ҡһͷ૵صûʲô˵ġ΢΢һ£ȥղ˵۾Ϲ˰ɣ
˵仰˫۾޹ػ׵ϡ
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ߣ׵ϺȻס
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տЦһ£һģֻڻʱ׵ϣˣ
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׵һֽҧ֮£Ц
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ĵпɹۣһȷʵĪ⣡ֻǵȻ㡭֤㲢ɱ˵˼
˵仰ٲ˵켴ٲǰÿһ׵ϵĵ鲻ԽջһЩֱݵǰ뿪
յʣ׵ɺ
  
նȹһҹ
ԭмʵˣȻҹżȻؼ׵֮һˡ
һĻĻӳȷʯĳ㧣׼ĵࣿ
׵ϣ׵ϡƵƵغţҵļֻԶҲסԽҹ˼
δ꣬ǰȴָһ˵Ӱӣǹ䡣
ӰӶȻѹȸоƺ׵ϸΪǿҡ
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ƺ׽ŪȻڱ׵ϵ;Ӵؽʶ䣬ʹĸӴ۸ӣĵһ⡣
տЦһ£ԴӸڡ׺ס֮£ӱ־Ѩֳһ÷ۼ֮һֱⲻ˼ʹĥ
£˵һνһĶ÷Īӹ֮žΨһŵļ֤ˡ
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Ϊûʹģֻлŵ˲ʹࡣ
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֮԰ٰ޷иһ죬Ȼ˵ʱûȫ죬Ѿӽˣڿ˵Ҫˡ
Ҳ⽫δٵһ˲䣬ܡ
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һȫޣ·˰ϵĹͷһ㣬ʱŻ֣Ҳֻ׵֮һ;ˣ
ϰʹĥҲ֪֮ܰʹ͵ͳ̶ȣԪŻ𣬽ʹΡ
ԼĪյ֮ãѾ̱ӣ
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ʱǰ´ϥȻһ㵹ú磡
նȹһҹʹʧָݼھۣ΢΢ͷҲˣ
ȻЦϵ̨⹦ɾͲ㿴ˣ
յͷ֪ױģҲˣ
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շ֮һ·ദľֱʺ񣬶кøУô˵ҲͲǫصͷӦ
״ϲʱȭ׳󣡡漴ϰ
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΢΢ͷô˵ĴͼŵԨԴˣ
һЦϵ̨˵ͼŵߴʦ;ŷүӣǶˣǻأ
յѹˣ㷽ĵֹǵˣ
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Ц㷽ıֵϡš
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֮¶ʱʹסˡ
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ϲ֮£̱Ҫ顣
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նһ£ͷ벻ռﾹȻԻ֮Ҳⲻ֪һľҲס
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׵ϺȻɫţŶԷһȴҵģᱦƽӶȥͶԷһƽȡ
ڵۿžҪӭһ飬Ȼ嶼;ֹס
ţ˺һŭ߳
ؽȫһ׵Ҳ࣬е֮ߣֱŶԷȥһʮ㣬ǵнߡ
׵һ㣬ִַһƣֱŶԷϻȥͬʱĵ漫ػһҡ֣ԷءСطӵȥ
˺ͱһֱһϳȻʢڵȷʵй񲻲֮ԭԸ֮ˣ벻Уסŭ٣°أһǿ쵽˼㡣׵ϵĵƸ죬˺ͼĴƬӰֻ֮һƬ°漴ӦƱն
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һĺոǼ̵һ̣ѽܵȺǿɱ˸䡣
Ⱥ︺нٱΣȻҰˣû˺͵ĺȴǲܰ;ˣȻۣأƴѣŽΧסᡣ
˺ͰѴ˷οȷʵ׵սԭǱűʤ֮Ķ벻鷢չڴˣȻҪʹ˳ˣȴĲʣʢŭ֮£ԷһƴҲҪС
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